毛皮染色废水工艺的处理效率及微生物群落的影响

毛皮染色废水是一种高盐度、难降解、高污染的工业废水,整个处理环节都对环境生态有潜在的危害。文章采用4种不同废水处理工艺在相似操作运行参数下对毛皮染色废水进行处理,并利用T-RFLP技术观察不同处理工艺下活性污泥中细菌群落的多样性及群落结构的变化。结果表明,在4种处理工艺中,效果最好的是HA-SBR法,其COD、BOD5及NH4+-N的去除率分别可以达到93.75%、94%和93.59%。T-RFLP分析表明处理工艺的不同对细菌群落结构的变化有着较大的决定作用,变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是活性污泥中的优势种群,不同处理工艺下微生物群落多样性同NH4+-N浓度关系最为密切。研究还表明,通过添加特定微生物菌剂或调节生化工艺可以增加微生物群落多样性,从而增强污泥体系抗污染物冲击性能,提高处理效果。     

入侵植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)叶绿素荧光对淹水胁迫的响应

在上海崇明东滩国家级鸟类自然保护区生态修复示范样地中,开展了持续淹水技术治理入侵植物互花米草的物理控制实验.同时,应用叶绿素荧光技术,分别研究了连续2年持续水淹和淹水1年后排水恢复自然生境条件下,外来入侵植物互花米草叶绿素荧光动力学参数及叶绿素含量的动态变化.结果表明,第1年持续淹水降低了互花米草体内的叶绿素含量和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭(qP)等叶绿素荧光动力参数值,抑制了互花米草的光合作用.随着淹水时间的延长,到第2年生长季节时互花米草已可以通过调节热耗散或其他生理生态指标来适应淹水环境,满足其生长繁殖的需要.一旦解除淹水胁迫,互花米草的光合活性可迅速恢复,甚至超过对照,表现出很强的恢复能力.持续淹水胁迫仅能在初期抑制互花米草的光合作用,随着淹水时间的延长,互花米草可以通过调节其他生理指标来适应淹水环境,保障光合作用的正常进行.     

污泥和盐渍土混配介质的性质及对5种野生植物生长的影响

将污泥与滨海盐渍土按照不同比例(污泥质量分数分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)混配,开展三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、荆芥(Schizonepeta tenuifolia)、金叶马兰(Kalimeris indica)和蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicm)5种野生植物的盆栽试验,研究污泥混配介质的理化性质,污泥比例对植物成活率、叶绿素含量和干质量的影响,以及植物体内各种重金属的累积浓度,探索污泥在滨海区盐渍土中的最佳施用比例,并对野生植物资源进行评价。结果表明,污泥改良滨海盐渍土是可行的,污泥质量分数为20%～60%时,混配介质的理化指标符合CJ/T 340—2011《绿化种植土壤》,Cd、Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb和Ni含量符合GB 15618—95《土壤环境质量标准》中的二级标准,并以60%污泥+40%滨海盐渍土的质量配比效果最佳,该混配介质中植物存活率达100%;三叶鬼针草、稗子、荆芥、金叶马兰和蒲公英是上海市滨海地区优良的植被恢复先锋植物。     

Arsenic contamination and potential health risk implications at an abandoned tungsten mine, southern China

In an extensive environmental study, field samples, including soil, water, rice, vegetable, fish, human hair and urine, were collected at an abandoned tungsten mine in Shantou City, southern China. Results showed that arsenic (As) concentration in agricultural soils ranged from 3.5 to 935 mg kg⁻¹ with the mean value of 129 mg kg⁻¹. In addition, As concentration reached up to 325 μg L⁻¹ in the groundwater, and the maximum As concentration in local food were 1.09, 2.38 and 0.60 mg kg⁻¹ for brown rice, vegetable and fish samples, respectively, suggesting the local water resource and food have been severely contaminated with As. Health impact monitoring data revealed that As concentrations in hair and urine samples were up to 2.92 mg kg⁻¹ and 164 μg L⁻¹, respectively, indicating a potential health risk among the local residents. Effective measurements should be implemented to protect the local community from the As contamination in the environment.     

A comparative study of US EPA 1996 and 1999 emission inventories in the west Gulf of Mexico coast region, USA

Emission inventory is one of the required inputs to air quality models. To assist in the urban and regional modeling efforts, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has compiled a National Emission Inventory (NEI) for criterion pollutants, and the precursors of ozone and particulate matter (PM). In December 2002, EPA released the 1999 NEI estimates (NEI99), which represent the most recent national emission data. However, the data sets are not in model-ready format for air quality simulations. This present work converts the NEI99 Final Version 2 data sets into Inventory Data Analyzer (IDA) format and processes the data using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) modeling system to generate a gridded emission inventory in a domain covering the west Gulf Coast Region, USA. The spatial and diurnal emission characteristics of the gridded emission inventories are then assessed and compared with those of the National Emission Trend 1996 (NET96). The NEI99 database contains more complete emission records in both area and point sources. It is also found that NEI99 data exhibit greater emissions with respect to point and mobile sources but smaller emissions with respect to area sources when compared to the corresponding gridded NET96 data in the same study domain. The most distinct differences between the NEI99 and NET96 databases are CO emission of mobile sources, SO2 emissions of point sources, and VOC/PM/NH3/NOx emissions of area and non-road sources. The gridded NEI99 data show low VOC/NOx ratios (<2-5) in the urban areas of the study domain.     

Changes of network structure and water distribution in sludge with the stratified extraction of extracellular polymeric substances

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The water in sludge is trapped within the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) with gelatinous structure, greatly challenging the sludge deep...     

Construction of an egg-like DTAB/SiO2 composite for the enhanced removal of uranium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - For the past few years, the environmental safety problems of radioactive nuclides caused wide public concern. In this work, the dodecyl trimethyl...     

Environmental decentralization,environmental public service,and public health: evidence from 289 cities in China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Effective supply of environmental public services (EPS) is important to guarantee the mitigation of residential pollution exposure risk. This study analyzes...     

The evaluation of Bacillus-secreted polyglutamic acid as anti-scaling treatment for circulating cooling water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polyaspartic acid is considered a green agent for the treatment of circulating cooling water. However, its chemosynthetic process is not green, as it...     

国内《安全系统工程》教材的评述与展望

《安全系统工程》教材高质量编写和出版对高级安全人才的安全系统理论与实践水平的培养具有重要意义。本文首先对国内30多年来出版的《安全系统工程》教材内容进行分析,评述现有《安全系统工程》教材存在的问题和不足,并提出建议对策;然后,从安全系统工程的基础术语和《安全系统工程》新教材的提纲2方面对新教材的编写提出展望。研究表明:安全系统工程新教材编写需要充分体现系统工程思想及其基础理论、内容需要不断更新并与国际接轨,这样的教材才能对安全系统工程的教学和科研更具参考价值。