建设项目竣工验收现场平行样控制指标研究

依据建设项目竣工环境保护验收中污水监测的要求,通过积累大量验收监测质量检查的实验数据,运用数理统计的方法,以化学需氧量和氨氮两个项目为例,建立了质控数据的评价方法,并确定了现场平行样偏差指标的限値。     

电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测空气中含硫化合物

建立电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中10种含硫化合物的方法。经考察不同采样容器、优化预处理条件、研究样品保存等获得了最佳实验条件,并通过实际样品的测定,考察了方法的适用性。结果表明:硫化氢、甲硫醇和乙硫醇3种高活性含硫化合物校准曲线线性回归系数在0.990以上,另外7种含硫化合物在0.995以上;高、中、低空白加标样品相对标准偏差均为9.5%以内,乙硫醇由于具有高活性和吸附性,低浓度空白加标回收率为63%,其余组分回收率范围为83%~110%;当进样体积为400 mL时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.2×10^-3~1.1×10^-3 mg/m³。分析污水处理厂无组织排放监控点的空气结果显示,该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能较好地满足目前监测工作的要求。     

氧苯酮对龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)光合作用和呼吸作用的影响

本文以野生龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）为受试材料,测定氧苯酮（BP-3）胁迫下龙须菜的快速叶绿素荧光、光合放氧/呼吸耗氧速率及活性氧含量的变化,研究了不同浓度的氧苯酮对龙须菜光合作用和呼吸作用的影响,分析了氧苯酮对水生植物的伤害机理。结果表明,用5～30 μmol/L的BP-3在黑暗条件下处理30 h后,龙须菜的呼吸作用不受影响,但光合作用PSII受体侧电子传递受到明显抑制。在80 μmol/(m2·s)光下,5～30 μmol/L 的BP-3可导致光合作用光能吸收与利用的失衡并诱发活性氧的大量产生,且抑制作用随胁迫浓度升高而加剧。活性氧测定结果进一步显示,光下BP-3诱导的氧化胁迫加剧了龙须菜光合作用PSII受体侧的破坏,并进一步损伤其呼吸作用过程和光合作用PSII供体侧。     

葫芦岛有色金属集团废气治理对环境空气质量的影响

在研究分析葫芦岛有色金属集团近年来废气治理情况的基础上,根据葫芦岛市工业区环境空气质量监测数据,通过环境空气综合污染指数评价和Spearman秩相关系数评价,分析了废气治理对环境空气质量的影响.     

Regional crop yield, water consumption and water use efficiency and their responses to climate change in the North China Plain

The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the most important regions for food production in China, with its agricultural system being significantly affected by the undergoing climate change and vulnerable with water stress. In this study, the Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP) model is used to evaluate crop yield, water consumption (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize (Zea mays L.) double cropping system in the NCP from 1951 to 2006. Their responses to future climate scenarios of 21st century projected by the GCM (HadCM3) with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenario (IPCC SRES) A2 and B1 emissions are investigated. The results show a rapid enhancement of crop yield in the past 56 years, accompanying with slight increment of ET and noticeable improvement of WUE. There exist spatial patterns of crop yield stemmed mainly from soil quality and irrigation facilities. For climate change impacts, it is found that winter wheat yield will significantly increase with the maximum increment in A2 occurring in 2070s with a value of 19%, whereas the maximum in B1 being 13% in 2060s. Its ET is slightly intensified, which is less than 6%, under both A2 and B1 scenarios, giving rise to the improvement of WUE by 10% and 7% under A2 and B1 scenarios, respectively. Comparatively, summer maize yield will gently decline by 15% for A2 and 12% for B1 scenario, respectively. Its ET is obviously increasing since 2050s with over 10% relative change, leading to a lower WUE with more than 25% relative change under both scenarios in 2090s. Therefore, possible adaptation countermeasures should be developed to mitigate the negative effects of climate change for the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems in the NCP.     

西部管道工程HSE一体化绩效管理应用研究

分析了我国管道工程项目HSE绩效管理存在问题,运用绩效管理理论,结合“PMT（业主）＋PMC（监理）＋EPC（施工总承包方）”一体化模式及西部管道工程,阐述了HSE一体化绩效管理体系的建立及应用情况。     

Simultaneous removal of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) by Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide and mechanism insight

Mg–Al–Cl layered double hydroxide (Cl-LDH) was prepared to simultaneously remove Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The coexisting Cu(II) (20 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (40 mg/L) were completely removed within 30 min by Cl-LDH in a dosage of 2.0 g/L; the removal rate of Cu(II) was accelerated in the presence of Cr(VI). Moreover, compared with the adsorption of single Cu(II) or Cr(VI), the adsorption capacities of Cl-LDH for Cu(II) and Cr(VI) can be improved by 81.05% and 49.56%, respectively, in the case of coexisting Cu(II) (200 mg/L) and Cr(VI) (400 mg/L). The affecting factors (such as solution initial pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) have been systematically investigated. Besides, the changes of pH values and the concentrations of Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ in relevant solutions were monitored. To get the underlying mechanism, the Cl-LDH samples before and after adsorption were thoroughly characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. On the basis of these analyses, a possible mechanism was proposed. The coadsorption process involves anion exchange of Cr(VI) with Cl⁻ in Cl-LDH interlayer, isomorphic substitution of Mg²⁺ with Cu²⁺, formation of Cu₂Cl(OH)₃ precipitation, and the adsorption of Cr(VI) by Cu₂Cl(OH)₃. This work provides a new insight into simultaneous removal of heavy metal cations and anions from wastewater by Cl-LDH.     

喜马拉雅山中段北坡地表水体主要离子特征及其控制因素——以叶如藏布流域为例

为调查喜马拉雅山中段北坡地表水环境特征,2015年9月在叶如藏布流域采集24个地表水体水样并对其水化学特征分析测定,研究结果表明:(1)叶如藏布流域水化学特征存在显著空间差异.随着海拔升高,地表水体p H值、TDS值呈微弱的减小趋势.24个水样中23个水样属于淡水,1个为微咸水.(2)叶如藏布流域内地表水阳离子主要为Ca~(2+),阴离子以SO_4~(2-)为主,其次为HCO_3~-,即地表水为Ca~(2+)-SO_4~(2-)型.(3)叶如藏布流域地表水中各离子之间具有不同程度的相关性.其中Cl~-、HCO_3~-、Na~+和K~+4种离子共源性好;阳离子的来源不同,Na~+和K~+主要来源于碳酸氢盐,Ca~(2+)主要来源于硫酸盐,而Mg~(2+)的来源比较广泛.(4)叶如藏布流域大部分离子主要来源于陆地,受陆源影响从小到大排列顺序为:Na~+Mg~(2+)SO_4~(2-)Ca~(2+)K~+HCO_3~-.流域水文化学过程主要受岩石风化作用控制,特别是受到碳酸盐风化影响.以强木村为界,流域下游地区地表水化学特征受人类活动影响逐渐变大,特别是畜牧活动及人类施肥的影响.     

太原市城区夏季VOCs来源及其对O3生成的贡献

采集太原市城区夏季VOCs样品并分析其浓度特征,使用参数修正法得到VOCs初始浓度,分析其来源及对O₃生成的贡献.结果显示：太原市城区总VOCs平均浓度为48.13 μg/m³,烷烃（25.52 μg/m³）为主要组分.VOCs浓度呈明显日变化特征,在日间（10：00~14：00）光化学产生O₃的关键时段浓度最低.油品挥发、机动车排放、燃煤、植物排放与液化石油气/天燃气（LPG/NG）使用源对修正后环境VOCs的贡献分别为26.89%、25.55%、21.14%、14.99%、11.44%,对O₃生成的贡献分别为21.44%、33.10%、24.07%、13.77%、7.62%.机动车为新鲜排放气团VOCs的重要来源,而油品挥发、燃煤的输送与本地积累是其他（混合、夜间与反应）气团VOCs的重要来源.机动车排放、油品挥发与燃煤为VOCs与O₃生成的重要贡献源,控制此类源排放可减少太原市城区环境VOCs浓度并有效降低O₃生成.     

南淝河沉积物有机物污染及其生态风险评价

参照文献报道的提取方法,利用GC和HPLC对南淝河不同河段沉积物中的四种浓度较高有机污染物(苯酚、氯代苯类、多环芳烃(PAHs)和邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs))进行了定量分析,结果表明其浓度高低顺序为多环芳烃类＞邻苯二甲酸酯类＞氯代苯类＞苯酚类.与世界各地表层沉积物中有机污染物的浓度进行对比,分析了南淝河各河段沉积物的有...