镇江地区土壤中重金属Cu和Pb污染状况与空间分布

为了锯镇江地区土壤中重金属Cu和Ph的污染状况与空间分布,对镇江地区表层土壤中的Cu和Pb进行了采样监测。结果表明,镇江地区表层土壤中cu的含量为19．2～273mg／kg,Pb的含量为20．6～3846mg／kg。与全省土壤背景值相比,均有一定程度的富集。对cu和Pb的相互关系进行分析可得出,镇江地区土壤在一定程度上受到农业面源的污染。     

企业环保信用评价的发展历史与现状思考

回顾了国内外企业环保信用评价发展历史,指出与国外相比,我国企业环保信用评价起步较晚,目前各地区评价标准主要以监管性指标和处罚决定为依据,其中以监管性指标评价较全面但操作繁琐,以处罚决定评价更为客观但对中小型企业监管力度较低。提出,我国企业环保信用评价体系还需要进一步优化,统一评价标准,完善动态评价机制,增强企业与责任人的关联,以促进社会信用体系向更为完备的方向发展。     

中国北方干旱地区沙尘矿物特征研究

为了开展对我国沙暴传输规律的研究,了解我国北方干旱地区沙尘矿物特征有重要意义。本文对我国新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠区,内蒙腾格里沙漠区,贺兰山及银川等处的沙尘样品用X射线粉末衍射法进行矿物分析鉴定,并用原子吸收法作了特征元素的分析对比,根据矿物的X射线粉末衍射结果,结合元素分析,对沙漠源区及其以东地区沙尘矿物特征作了比较,判析了两个源区的矿物组成,讨论了它们的传输过程。     

Characteristics of CO2 release from forest soil in the mountains near Beijing

CO₂ release from forest soil is a key driver of carbon cycling between the soil and atmosphere ecosystem. The rate of CO₂ released from soil was measured in three forest stands (in the mountainous region near Beijing, China) by the alkaline absorption method from 2004 to 2006. The rate of CO₂ released did not differ among the three stands. The CO₂ release rate ranged from ??341 to 1,193 mg m^???2 h^???1, and the mean value over all three forests and sampling times was 286 mg m^???2 h^???1. CO₂ release was positively correlated with soil water content and the soil temperature. Diurnally, CO₂ release was higher in the day than at night. Seasonally, CO₂ release was highest in early autumn and lowest in winter; in winter, negative values of CO₂ release suggested that CO₂ was absorbed by soil.     

A storm event-based approach to TMDL development

It is vitally important to define the critical condition for a receiving water body in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process. One of the major disadvantages of using a continuous simulation approach is that there is no guarantee that the most critical condition will be covered within the subjectively selected representative hydrologic period, which is usually several years depending on the availability of data. Another limitation of the continuous simulation approach, compared to a design storm approach, is the lack of an estimate of the risk involved. Because of the above limitations, a storm event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was previously developed to explicitly address the critical condition as a combination of a prescribed stream flow and a storm event of certain magnitude, both having a certain frequency of occurrence and when combined, would create a critical condition. The CFS approach was tested successfully in a TMDL study for Muddy Creek in Virginia. The present paper reports results of a comparative study on the applicability of the CFS approach in Taiwan. The Dy-yu creek watershed in northern Taiwan differs significantly from Muddy Creek in terms of climate, hydrology, terrain, and other characteristics. Results show that the critical condition for different watersheds might be also different, and that the CFS approach could clearly define that critical condition and should be considered as an alternative method for TMDL development to a continuous simulation approach.     

渤海湾入海溶解无机氮总量控制研究

基于渤海湾近岸海域的实际调查结果,采取生态物理耦合模型,对渤海湾的主要污染物-溶解无机氮(DIN)的基准环境容量和极小剩余海洋环境容量进行了计算。结果表明,渤海湾DIN的极小剩余海洋环境容量在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水质标准下均为负值,渤海湾的DIN已经超标。结合实际的海水功能区水质管理目标,应重点控制非点源的排放,加强上游携带入境污染物的处理,从总量上控制DIN入海污染通量,改善渤海湾水质。     

全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法分离复杂体系中7种指示剂 多氯联苯

采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱法(GC×GC TOF-MS)分析了混标样品Aroclor 1260、Aroclor 1254、Aroclor 1242中的多氯联苯(PCBs)单体,考察了在复杂体系下对7种PCBs指示剂的分离能力。结果表明,与优化柱系统的分离效果相比,136种单体的混标样品中共分离出121种单体,7种指示剂经一维和二维的保留时间及质谱定性,在121种单体的2D斑点图中清晰可辨。全二维对于复杂体系的PCBs和指示剂的分离表明其强大的分离能力和对于检测复杂体系中指示剂的分辨能力,对该类物质的定性和定量检测具有重要意义。     

乙酰丙酮荧光法在线监测环境空气中的甲醛

我国现行环境空气中甲醛的标准测定方法普遍难以满足当前大气监测中对痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测需要.在乙酰丙酮分光光度法的基础上改进得到的乙酰丙酮荧光法具有更低的检出限和更高的灵敏度,适用于大气中痕量浓度水平甲醛的监测.基于乙酰丙酮荧光法设计了甲醛在线监测系统,并对其主要性能指标进行了评估测试.测试结果显示,该系统的吸收效率为...     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定废水中三乙胺和苯胺

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱法建立了测定废水中三乙胺和苯胺的方法,对萃取条件和气相色谱条件进行了优化。方法的相对标准偏差为0．5％～0．8％,加标回收率为96．3％～107．0％。总分析时间小于1h,适用于快速分析废水中胺类化合物。     

广东坡地红壤颗粒组成状况的研究──Ⅱ.土壤颗粒组成的空间分异

讨论了广东坡地红壤类土壤颗粒组成的空间分异现象,阐述了岩性、地形条件、水文动力学对颗粒组成空间分布的影响,指出地形条件、水动力学作用对广东坡地红壤类土壤颗粒组成的影响,在很大程度上是由广东所处区域的生物气候条件决定的。