基于田块尺度的土壤肥力模糊评价研究

论文以位于陕西关中平原腹地的杨凌为研究区域,以28个田块为采样的基本单元,选用土壤化学指标,运用模糊层次分析法确定评价指标的权重,并用模糊集理论中的贴近度和隶属度概念来识别土壤肥力质量,探讨基于田块尺度的土壤肥力评价方法。结果表明,评价结果与研究区域耕地的实际情况基本吻合。采用基于层次决策分析权重的模糊评价方法进行田块尺度上的土壤质量具有可操作性和可行性。     

The last polar dinosaurs: high diversity of latest Cretaceous arctic dinosaurs in Russia

A latest Cretaceous (68 to 65 million years ago) vertebrate microfossil assemblage discovered at Kakanaut in northeastern Russia reveals that dinosaurs were still highly diversified in Arctic regions just before the Cretaceous–Tertiary mass extinction event. Dinosaur eggshell fragments, belonging to hadrosaurids and non-avian theropods, indicate that at least several latest Cretaceous dinosaur taxa could reproduce in polar region and were probably year-round residents of high latitudes. Palaeobotanical data suggest that these polar dinosaurs lived in a temperate climate (mean annual temperature about 10°C), but the climate was apparently too cold for amphibians and ectothermic reptiles. The high diversity of Late Maastrichtian dinosaurs in high latitudes, where ectotherms are absent, strongly questions hypotheses according to which dinosaur extinction was a result of temperature decline, caused or not by the Chicxulub impact.     

大气PM2.5中水溶性有机碳和类腐殖质碳的季节变化特征

2011年12月至2012年11月期间在上海市华东理工大学采样点采集PM_2.5样品,对样品中的水溶性有机碳(WSOC)和类腐殖质碳(HULIS-C)进行了测定,探讨了WSOC和HULIS-C的季节变化特征.结果表明:采样期间PM_2.5、WSOC和HULIS-C的年平均质量浓度分别为(66.19±28.59)、(4.21±1.83)和(2.69±1.36) μg·m^-3,WSOC和HULIS-C分别占PM_2.5质量的6.5%±1.7%和4.1%±1.3%.HULIS-C占WSOC质量的62.8%±11.8%,表明HULIS-C是WSOC的主要成分.WSOC和HULIS-C的质量浓度均具有显著的季节变化特征,呈现冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,而HULIS-C/WSOC比值的季节变化相对较小,其四季平均比值呈现秋冬季略高,春夏季略低的特点.WSOC和HULIS-C质量浓度与能见度、风速呈负相关,与空气污染指数(API)呈显著正相关.WSOC和HULIS-C的浓度水平可能受到多种燃烧源的综合影响,本地燃烧源的贡献不容忽视.此外,在特定气象条件下周边污染源和长距离输送对高浓度WSOC和HULIS-C也会有贡献.     

基于中俄铁锰分析差异探讨地表水重金属监测样品保存与前处理方法

本文通过中俄两国在水质铁锰测定结果的差异问题,对采样后不同的保存和预处理方法对测定结果的影响进行了实验研究。研究指出了目前对重金属分析测试结果与《地表水环境质量标准》中标准限值的涵义之间存在的问题,并提出了相应解决问题的方式方法。     

SO2浓度的概率分布类型研究

用数理统计的原理，当样本容量满足检验方法要求时，用柯尔莫哥洛夫－－斯米尔诺夫、皮尔逊、概率纸等法对绵阳市城区ＳＯ２监测值进行分布类型的统计检验。其结果ＳＯ２的时空分布类型为近似对数正态。用几何均数代表样本的平均值，例行监测时段的ＳＯ２测值与增加采样频率后的测值基本无差异。而用算术均数表示平均值时，均值则落在总体均值的置信区间外。故当样本分布类型确定后，样本的主要特征数应由分布类型确定。     

典型工业园污染源羰基化合物排放特征研究

选取中国华东地区某工业园新区典型行业企业进行现场采样,利用PFPH衍生化-GC/MS联用技术进行羰基化合物(CBCs)的组成特征和含量水平检测,研究其排放特征。结果表明,在该工业园新区内共检出22种CBCs,各化合物的质量浓度为0.008~239.4μg/m~3,各企业CBCs总质量浓度均值为(437.62±64.45)μg/m~3,工业污染源排放贡献率由高至低顺序依次为涂料制造橡胶制造医药制造化学品制造金属制造电子元件制造。根据各物质化学反应活性及大气化学寿命,获得该工业园新区典型的CBCs分子标志物为甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙醛、2-丁酮、丁醛、己醛、环己酮和苯甲醛,它们占总CBCs含量的80.01%,其中乙醛含量最高,质量浓度均值高达(95.42±71.48)μg/m3。最后,建立了6种典型工业污染源CBCs成分谱。     

Effects of land use on water quality of two high-altitude lakes and catchments in Yunnan Province,China

SUMMARY

Reclaiming farmland from lakes in China in the 1950s damaged the water quality of many lakes. Tremendous efforts have been made since the late 1990s to restore vegetation around the damaged lakes. This paper examines water quality of Fuxian and Qilu Lakes and land-use characteristics within the two catchments in the high-altitude area of Yunnan Province, China. Landsat TM data acquired in 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2005 were used to extract land use and land cover (LULC) information. Measurements of five water quality indices (WQIs), BOD, COD, pH, TN and TP, for the same period of time were examined. The results showed that the area of residential and forest/shrub increased, whereas that of cropland and barren land decreased from 1989 to 2005 in both catchments. Qilu Lake was much more polluted than Fuxian Lake, and pollution worsened over time for both lakes. The differences in water quality between the two lakes were caused by differences in LULC composition and continued degradation in water quality was caused by intensive farming and urban sprawl. Unless the landscape is converted back to its pre-1950 composition and structure, water quality in both lakes cannot be significantly improved and will continue to threaten sustainable development in the region.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic waste recycling area in southeast China

The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%– 94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s.     

白龟山水库富营养化与热污染研究（Ⅰ）

对平原浅水型大型水库的富营养化特征和水平作了深入研究,特别对标志富营养化的浮游藻类、浮游动物及底栖动物等作了模拟试验和现场验证,对加速白龟山水库富营养化的诱导因素作了详细探讨。     

Relationship embedding and environmental governance performance research of pollution in a mining area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to explore the enterprises in the mining area, in the face of environmental pollution, to use relationship embedding to...