Effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature and cations on spermatozoa motility in fish Larimichthys polyactis

The objectives of this present study were to assess the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature and cations on spermatozoa motile parameters (SMPs) in fish Larimichthys polyactis. Optimal SMPs were observed when emen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1 to 100, with temperature of 10 degreesC and pH 8.0. The spermatozoa of L. polyactis were immotile in distilled water and motile in solution containing different cations. Maximum SMPs were obtained in each solution containing 0.4 mol NaCI, 0.4 mol KCI, 0.2 mol CaCI2 and 0.2 mol MgCl2. This study provides baseline knowledge of L. polyactis spermatozoa sensitivity of pH, temperature and cationic effects.     

A 1955�C2004 record of Hg contamination in Dianshan Lake sediments, Shanghai

Measuring Hg levels of water sediments is one of the primary routes to assess the trend of the contamination. Little work has been carried out in the Yangtze Delta to track the trend of mercury contamination caused by Shanghai, which is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. The mercury concentration in the sedimentary cores from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai is studied here. Results show that mercury transported to Dianshan Lake from emissions of coal combustion and non-coal sources in the Yangtze Delta was greater after 1979. We found also that before 1979 mercury levels changed less with time than after 1979. Before 1967 Hg levels were more variable than in the 1970s. Moreover, the mercury dissolved in river water and bound to particles of water that flow past downtown Shanghai is different from that observed in Dianshan Lake, which is located in upper Shanghai. This indicates that atmospheric Hg deposition is probably the main source of mercury in Dianshan Lake. These results are important for the establishment of environmental protections and pollution treatment proposals for mercury in similar areas of the world, as well as in Shanghai.     

镧、铈、钕对小鼠肝细胞核的氧化损伤作用

轻稀土元素进入生物体后主要累积于肝脏,进入肝细胞,分布于细胞核上.为探讨轻稀土元素对小鼠肝细胞核的氧化损伤作用,选用5周龄雄性封闭群(ICR)小鼠灌喂10、20和40 mg·kg-1的稀土元素镧(La)、铈(Ce)和钕(Nd),6周后测定小鼠肝细胞核中超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(...     

炼油厂废水处理站挥发性羰基化合物成分谱研究

选取广东某大型炼油厂废水处理站进行现场采样,采用PFPH衍生化-GC/MS联用技术分析挥发性羰基化合物(oVOCs)的组成特征和含量水平,研究了其源排放特征、化学反应活性.结果表明,在该废水处理站大气中共检测出20种挥发性羰基化合物,各化合物的浓度范围为0～68.80μg.m-3,各废水处理单元oVOCs总浓度均值为(253.02±124.5)μg.m-3.背景校正后的质量浓度表明,各废水处理单元的大气中14种挥发性羰基化合物均占到总含量的90%以上,其中己醛含量最高,浓度均值达到(44.74±20.89)μg.m-3,其次是2-丁酮和乙醛,浓度均值分别达到(30.47±12.94)μg.m-3、(23.51±14.57)μg.m-3.通过计算化学活性和大气寿命筛选出分子标志物,并建立了废水处理站的oVOCs源成分谱.     

Effect of Fe–Mn–La-modified biochar composites on arsenic volatilization in flooded paddy soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As can be volatilized naturally; however, this has adverse environmental effects. In this study, we investigated As volatilization in flooded paddy...     

地震作用下土⁃结构相互作用的简化时程分析∗

基于黏弹性边界和将场地地震反应转化为等效荷载的有限元直接法是目前进行土?结构相互作用分析的常用时程分析方法之一。该方法具有严格的理论基础且计算精度较高,但在商业有限元软件中施加黏弹性边界和由场地反应确定的等效地震荷载时,需要使用者编制程序书写命令流文件。本文建议一种动力时程简化分析模型, 即计算模型侧边界采用滚轴或绑定边界、底边界强制自由场反应。首先基于一维等效线性化场地反应分析软件 EERA,明确了分别给定岩石地表记录、基岩记录和场地地表记录条件下,正确实现场地反应分析的做法,表明在相同地震下三种分析能够得到相同的场地反应结果;然后给出动力时程简化分析过程;最后通过一层两跨地铁车站的地震分析,表明该方法具有较高精度,满足工程需求。     

延迟焦化装置冷焦水密闭除臭技术应用

介绍了延迟焦化装置冷焦水密闭除臭的实践探索。通过分析异味的来源,对冷焦水系统进行密闭除臭改造,改造后废气排放达到了相关标准,现场环境得到改善。     

基于鱼类和底栖动物生物完整性指数的济南市水体健康评价

F-IBI（fish index of biological integrity,鱼类生物完整性指数）和B-IBI（benthic-macroinvertebrate index of biological integrity,底栖动物生物完整性指数）在大尺度流域范围内应用较广,但在城市水体中的应用研究较少.为了解F-IBI和B-IBI在城市水体中的适用性,分别于2014年和2015年的5月、8月和10月分6次对济南市水体进行野外采样调查,共设46个采样点（其中,12个采样点位于水库,34个采样点位于河流）,采集底栖动物和鱼类,并测定了23个水环境因子.依据生物物种丰富度、种类个体数量比例、敏感性和耐受性、营养结构、繁殖共位群、物种多样性等功能属性,共计算底栖动物生物参数27个、鱼类生物参数22个.采用箱体图法和累计系数法,分别对河流型水体和水库型水体的生物参数进行筛选.根据百分位数法,共划分健康、较好、一般、较差、极差5个等级.通过Pearson相关性检验法判定鱼类和底栖动物评价结果的一致性.结果表明:①底栖动物总分类单元数、BMWP指数、鱼类物种数、鱼类个体数为河流型水体和水库型水体共同核心参数.②鱼类评价结果显示,健康样点6个、较好样点7个、一般样点9个、较差样点12个、极差样点12个,底栖动物依次分别为6、6、8、17、9个.③F-IBI和B-IBI相关系数为0.56,相关性较为显著.研究显示,济南市南部黄河区、小清河区东部生物完整性较高,城区东部及北部徒骇马颊河区生物完整性较差,鱼类和底栖动物评价结果具有较强的一致性.      

Vertical concentration gradients of volatile organic compounds in two NS-oriented street canyons

Diffusive samplers were used to measure the vertical concentrations of benzene, toluene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, ethylbenzene and o-, m- and p-xylenes on both sides of two NS-oriented street canyons in Murcia (Spain) during a 5-day period. Non-dimensional relationships of concentration and height were calculated in order to study the behaviour of their concentration vertical profiles. The results show that the vertical profiles of benzene, toluene, n-hexane and cyclohexane concentrations were similar in both streets and on both sides of each street. Some differences were found in vertical profiles between streets and sides for ethylbenzene and xylenes, probably due to their higher affinity for adsorption into building materials. The similarities found for the first set of VOCs suggest that the dynamics of the dispersion was the same for both streets and was mainly influenced by microscale thermal effects. Finally, the concentration measurements of benzene, toluene, n-hexane, cyclohexane, and ethylbenzene were adjusted to expressions in the form c?=?c ₀(h/h ₀) ^A , and a regression coefficient R ²?=?0.962 (p?=?0.0000) was obtained. The decreasing concentration of these compounds with height should be taken into account when assessing population exposure to these pollutants.