西部大开发十五年环境效率评价及其影响因素分析

西部大开发政策实施以来,西部地区实现了快于东部和中部的经济增长。正确认识西部地区经济增长中的环境成本,评价西部地区的环境效率具有重要意义。本文运用考虑非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算了2000—2014年西部大开发以来的环境效率。研究发现:西部地区环境效率偏低,处于相对无效状态。西部地区环境效率明显低于传统效率,经济增长付出了较高的环境代价。西部大开发以来传统效率与环境效率之间的差距呈现先扩大后缩小的"倒U"型走势变化。西部地区省份环境效率在全国排名靠后,各省份的环境效率呈现出差异化的发展态势,其中重庆和四川排名不断提升,新疆排名逐步回落,内蒙古和广西在西部地区排名相对靠前且比较稳定,云南和陕西一直处于中间水平,贵州、甘肃、青海、宁夏排名相对靠后。西部地区环境效率2000—2003年上升,2004—2010年不断下降,2010—2014年趋于平稳。西部地区环境效率低于东部地区且差距大,也低于中部地区和全国平均水平。通过收敛性检验发现,西部地区各省份间的环境效率差距呈现先缩小后扩大的趋势;西部地区与东部地区间的环境效率差距逐渐扩大,与中部地区间的环境效率差距先扩大后缩小。本文同时采用了Tobit模型进行面板回归,实证分析了西部地区环境效率的影响因素。结果表明:经济发展水平、科学技术水平、能源消费结构、环保投资力度对西部地区环境效率具有显著影响;产业结构变化和对外开放程度对西部地区环境效率影响不显著;西部地区存在环境效率的库兹涅茨曲线。     

Factors influencing farmers’ decisions on nitrogen fertilizer application in the Liangzihu Lake basin,Central China

Overuse of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agriculture activities has caused severe water pollution in China. The lack of data at producer level hampers decision makers in the development and implementation of efficient policies to curb excessive N-fertilizer use. In a survey of 300 farm households in the Liangzihu Lake basin, we identified factors associated with farmers’ decisions on N-fertilizer use and application rate. Household survey and multiple linear regression models indicate that the average application rate in the study region is 229 kg N ha^?1, which exceeds the recommended rate for maximum profit for cereal crops (maize, wheat, and rice) in China of 150–180 kg N ha^?1. High N-application rates are associated with low farmland productivity (coefficient = ?15.66, p = 0.02), a high share of off-farm income (coefficient = 27.14, p = 0.003), and a low education level of the household head (coefficient = ?10.83, p = 0.039). Neither physical infrastructure nor access to input markets appears to be related to N-application rates. It may be concluded that excessive use of N in agriculture of Central China is mainly a problem of insufficient awareness and high share of off-farm income.     

An insight into the drag effect of water,land, and energy on economic growth across space and time: the application of improved Solow growth model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Economies that depend on natural resources can experience a resource drag effect when economic growth is limited by constraints on the availability of...     

Exploring the embodied carbon flow interactive relationships in China from an ecological network perspective: a model framework and application at provincial level

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy-related carbon emissions take a large proportion in China, and the interregional trade caused by provincial disparities has led to significant...     

A bibliometric and content analysis of research trends on GIS-based landslide susceptibility from 2001 to 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To assess the status of hotspots and research trends on geographic information system (GIS)–based landslide susceptibility (LS), we analysed...     

磺胺嘧啶对纯膜MBBR氨氧化性能及氨氧化菌群的影响

通过向NH₄⁺-N质量浓度为30 mg·L⁻¹的合成废水中投加不同剂量磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)(0、1、3、5、7和10 mg·L^–1),比较了SDZ浓度对一台60 L单级纯膜移动床生物膜反应器(pure MBBR)的氨氧化速率、amoA基因丰度和氨氧化细菌(AOB)种群结构的影响,揭示了磺胺嘧啶对纯膜MBBR系统中氨氧化作用的影响机制。结果表明：1~3 mg·L^–1的SDZ显著提升了纯膜MBBR系统的氨氧化速率(P<0.05),出水${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N质量浓度可降低至(0.19±0.10) mg·L^–1;5~10 mg·L^–1的SDZ仍能促进${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N去除,但氨氧化速率变化相对平缓。相比于氨氧化古菌(AOA),AOB为纯膜MBBR氨氧化的主导者,AOB amoA基因丰度是AOA amoA基因丰度的12.2~168.5倍。1~10 mg·L^–1的磺胺嘧啶暴露显著抑制了AOB amoA基因丰度(P<0.05),但能有效刺激AOA amoA基因丰度上调(P<0.05)。高通量测序结果表明,添加磺胺嘧啶改变了AOB的种群多样性及结构,且1~3 mg·L^–1的SDZ能显著促进AOB种群多样化和亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)生长(P<0.05)。SDZ对氮源的补充、对AOB与AOA丰度占比的改变、对微生物耐药性的促进以及对AOB种群结构的干扰是其影响纯膜MBBR氨氧化过程的主要机制。     

Effects of ambient temperature on outpatient visits for dermatitis in Xinxiang,China: a time-series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have reported regional variations in the relationship between ambient temperature and dermatitis, which therefore remain...     

Treatment of fluorine-containing pharmaceutical wastewater by VUV/UV process

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As an advanced oxidation process, vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet (VUV/UV) has been intensively studied for drinking water treatment, but assessment of...     

Concentrations,spatial distribution,and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surficial sediments from upstream of Yellow River,China

Surface sediments were collected from 122 sites in the upstream of the Yellow River, China. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd in sediments was investigated to explore the spatial distribution based on statistics and interpolation method. The results suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals were lower than potential effect levels (PEL). The samples above threshold effect level (TEL) for Pb and Zn were less than 10%, while almost 50% of samples for Ni exceeded PEL. Pb and Zn in sediments performed little or no adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems. Higher concentrations of all heavy metals occurred in Qinghai and Gansu sections; the concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn were significantly higher than the Inner Mongolia section. Lower concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn appeared in Qinghai section; the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Pb manifested relatively steady and similar distributions and approximately decreasing tendency along the upstream of Yellow River.

     

Occurrence,source apportionment,and carcinogenic risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dusts in Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a class of important environmental pollutants, have received considerable concern due to their widespread...