Developing a method for assessing environmental sustainability based on the Google Earth Engine platform

Environmental sustainability is the foundation and of great significance for the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as an example, we developed a method to effectively assess long-term regional environmental sustainability based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. We used the GEE to obtain 5206 Landsat remote sensing images in the region from 1983 to 2016 and developed the comprehensive environmental index (CEI) to assess regional environmental sustainability based on the theme-oriented framework proposed by the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. We found that the environmental sustainability of the urban agglomeration showed a trend of first rising, then falling, and then rising again in the past 30 years. The average CEI increased from 0.621 to 0.631 from 1985 to 1990, dropped to the lowest value of 0.618 in 2000, and then rose to the highest value of 0.672 in 2015. In particular, the extent of areas in which environmental sustainability improved (56% of the region) was greater than the extent of areas in which environmental deterioration occurred. The environmental sustainability of Hengshui, Xingtai, and Cangzhou in the southeast of the region has been significantly improved. The method proposed in this study provides an automatic, rapid, and extensible way to assess regional environmental sustainability and provides a scientific reference for improving the sustainability of the regional environment.

     

Exploring the embodied carbon flow interactive relationships in China from an ecological network perspective: a model framework and application at provincial level

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy-related carbon emissions take a large proportion in China, and the interregional trade caused by provincial disparities has led to significant...     

A bibliometric and content analysis of research trends on GIS-based landslide susceptibility from 2001 to 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To assess the status of hotspots and research trends on geographic information system (GIS)–based landslide susceptibility (LS), we analysed...     

我国海冰的可能最大厚度

我国的渤海和黄海北部近岸海域，每年冬季都有海冰出现，渤海的辽东湾是我国冰情最严重海区。在渤海，特别是辽东湾，海注作用力是海洋工程设计的控制荷载。海注的厚度是计算海冰作用力的重要参数之一。本文根据渤海辽东湾北部鲅鱼圈和盘锦海洋站的气温和海冰观测资料，建立了计算海冰厚度的经验公式，并据此估算了我国平整海冰的可能最大厚度为８０ｃｍ。     

Zn,Cu和Ni污染土壤中重金属的化学固定

利用化学固定剂处理被污泥中Zn,Cu和Ni污染的土壤,研究不同化学药剂对重金属离子的固定技术.结果表明,石灰、硫化物和硅酸盐对Zn都有较好的稳定效果,硫化物对Cu的稳定效果较好,硅酸盐和石灰对Ni的稳定效果较好;对于被Zn,Cu和Ni污染的土壤,混合药剂对重金属污染物的固定效果最佳.研究表明通过调解系统的pH和生成稳定化合物形态使土壤中Zn,Cu和Ni得以固定.通过硫化物 石灰化学固定处理,固定前后Zn,Cu和Ni的不稳定形态含量分别减少了69%,56%和59%.     

从造纸污泥中提取木质素制备缓蚀阻垢剂

以造纸污泥为原料,用碱溶酸析法提取其中的木质素,对木质素进行磺化改性后,与有机磷、锌盐等进行复配,以提高缓蚀阻垢效果。探讨了主原料配比、药剂投加量、反应温度、反应时间等对药剂性能的影响。结果表明:由该法制备的缓蚀阻垢剂性能较好,为造纸污泥的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

泥炭沼泽土壤酶活性对水热条件变化的响应及其与CO_2释放通量的关系——以小兴安岭地区为例

采用实验室培养的方法,研究了小兴安岭地区两类典型的泥炭沼泽:苔草型泥炭沼泽和泥炭藓型泥炭沼泽中几种水解酶活性(β-葡萄糖苷酶、酚氧化酶)对不同温度和水位变化的响应,以及与CO_2释放通量的相瓦关系.结果表明:β-葡萄糖苷酶活性在两类泥炭沼泽中受多种因素制约,在一定湿度范围内受水位控制较明显,当土壤湿度降低到一定程度时,温度对土壤酶活性影响增强.酚氧化酶活性与温度密切相关,但对温度变化的响应存在明显的季节性差异.相对而言,苔草型泥炭沼泽中β-葡萄糖苷酶和酚氧化酶活性显著高于相同培养条件下泥炭藓型泥炭沼泽.总体上,苔草型泥炭沼泽中水解酶活性较泥炭藓型泥炭沼泽中高,但是其CO_2释放通量却低于泥炭鲜型泥炭沼泽,表明与有机碳分解有关的水解酶的活性高低不能作为解释泥炭沼泽CO_2释放通量大小的唯一指标.     

甲基化防己诺林碱制备粉防己碱研究

粉防己碱是一种治疗心血管疾病的药物,只能从中药粉防己中提取.近年来粉防己的资源量锐减.防己诺林碱的含量仅次于粉防己碱,至今还没有成为一种药物,是粉防己碱生产时的副产品.为了有效利用这种副产品,本文研究了将防己诺林碱转化为防己碱的方法.在不同的溶剂系统和碱性条件下,以防己诺林碱为原料,采用两种甲基化试剂制备了粉防己碱.结果表明,溶剂、碱性和甲基化试剂等对收率都有很大的影响.其中最优的方法是,硫酸二甲酯为甲基化试剂,二氯甲烷/KOH溶液为溶剂,收率最高,副反应最少,为61.4%.此转化反应能够有效利用粉防己药材.     

DNA-Protein Crosslinks Induced by Microcystin-LR in Hepatic Cells of Mice

为探讨微囊藻毒素-LR致小鼠肝细胞的DNA-蛋白质交联作用,将20只昆明雄性小鼠随机分为4组：1个对照组和3个染毒组,采用腹腔注射进行染毒7d,染毒剂量分别为3.0、6.0和12.0μg·kg-1,检测小鼠肝细胞DNA-蛋白质交联程度. 结果显示,3.0、6.0和12.0μg·kg-1微囊藻毒素-LR均可导致小鼠肝细胞显著的DNA-蛋白质交联作用（与对照组相比,p<0.01,p<0.01,p<0.05）,当微囊藻毒素为6.0μg·kg-1时,这种作用最明显.     

分散染料和对苯二甲酸的生物吸附研究

利用活性污泥对含有碱减量印染废水的特征污染物进行吸附试验,污泥对特征污染物的吸附符合Langmui和Frundlich方程。污泥对特征污染物首先表现为很强的吸附作用,然后是吸附和生化的共同作用。由于厌氧污泥颗粒小、比表面积大,对特征污染物的吸附能力优于好氧污泥;同时,在微生物适宜的温度(25~35℃)和pH值条件下(pH=7~9),活性污泥的吸附能力最强。