基于小波变换的山西省PM2.5污染特征及影响因素

基于山西省11城市2015～2019年PM_2.5日均浓度、社会影响因素数据和气象数据,利用小波变换确定PM_2.5浓度周期,通过Spearman相关性和小波相干谱分别探究PM_2.5与社会影响因素和气象因素的关联,确定PM_2.5长短周期管控的主要影响因子.结果表明,2015～2017年山西省PM_2.5浓度年均值呈上升趋势,年均上升率为4.3%, 2018～2019年呈下降趋势,年均下降率为4.2%;ρ(PM_2.5)月均值呈“U”型分布,1月最高(95μg·m^-3), 8月最低(34μg·m^-3),冬季均值约为夏季的2倍;临汾等南部城市ρ(PM_2.5)均值为62μg·m^-3,大同等北部城市均值为45μg·m^-3,空间上呈南高北低.11城市PM_2.5浓度存在显著周期性变化,主要周期包括293 d左右的长周期和27 d左右的短周期.其中...     

RBCA、CLEA及CalTOX模型在苯并[a]芘污染场地健康风险评估中的应用比较

为探讨不同模型对污染场地健康风险评估结果的影响,以苯并[a]芘为例,采用RBCA、CLEA和CalTOX模型对某工业污染场地表层土壤进行健康风险评估,分析了评估结果的差异和原因,同时对模型的主要暴露参数进行了敏感性分析,并推导出基于风险概率分布的土壤修复限值。结果表明,RBCA、CLEA和CalTOX模型计算的苯并[a]芘致癌总风险分别为2.40×10-4、6.32×10-4和7.04×10-6,且经口摄入和皮肤接触2个途径对人体健康造成的危害最大。降解作用是影响CalTOX模型风险评估结果不同于RBCA和CLEA模型的重要因素,3个模型间参数取值及方法学的差异也会导致风险评估结果不同。各模型暴露参数的敏感性排序也有差异。采用基于风险概率分布的方法推导土壤修复限值,RBCA、CLEA和CalTOX模型所得结果分别为0.18、0.08、0.13(不考虑降解作用CalTOX模型)和10.74(考虑降解作用CalTOX模型)mg·kg-1,为各模型直接推导值的1.5～2.6倍。基于风险概率分布的方法可有效降低风险评估过程中参数不确定性的影响,为工业污染场地土壤修复值的制定提供参考。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用进展

微生物絮凝剂是具有广阔应用前景的一种天然高分子絮凝剂，因而引起科学界的高度重视．自７０年代以来，美国和日本等十多个国家已对其进行了详细的研究．本文综述了微生物絮凝剂的研究与应用进展，包括合成絮凝剂的微生物种类、微生物絮凝剂的化学本质、遗传基础和微观结构、微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理和絮凝能力及其影响因素，微生物絮凝剂的合成条件和提取方法等方面．文中还给出了微生物絮凝剂在污染治理等领域实际应用的若干事例．     

Distribution of nutrients,heavy metals,and PAHs affected by sediment dredging in the Wujin'gang River basin flowing into Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu

This paper's survey of the pollution of the Wujin'gang River is important because it is one of the main rivers flowing into Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu in eastern China. Trace metals (TMs) in this paper are described according to their pollution index (P _i). Cluster analysis and correlation analysis are utilized for group sites and to assess co-contamination. Toxicity effect analysis was conducted using individual sediment quality guideline quotients (SQGQs) and mean SQGQs. The results showed that sediment from the Wujin'gang River basin was affected by nutrients, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are an essential contamination source for both Meiliang Bay and Zhushan Bay of Lake Taihu. The discharge of TMs has significant correlations to total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP); however, no significant correlations were observed between the content of PAHs and TMs. Toxicity effect results show that sediment in the Wujin'gang River basin threatens sediment-dwelling organisms. The harmful effect was mainly caused by heavy metals especially Cd, Cr, Ni, and Cu. Sediment dredging is an effective way to control pollution from internal rivers especially for the pollution of TN and heavy metals in the Wujin'gang River basin.     

Sorption kinetic characteristics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on natural soils

Sorption kinetic characteristics of BDE-28 and BDE-47 on five natural soils with different organic carbon fractions were investigated, and could be satisfactorily described by a two (fast and slow)-compartment first-order model with the ratio of rate constants ranged from 9 to 94 times. The fast compartment made a dominant contribution (71% ∼ 94%) to the total sorption amount in the whole process, and accounted for over 90% of the increase in the total sorption amount at initial 5 h. The influence of the slow compartment on the increase in the total sorption amount became principal (above 90%) in the subsequent stage approximately from 9 h or 25 h to the apparent equilibrium at 265 h. The results proposed the different sorption behaviors of the mathematically classified compartments for BDE-28 and BDE-47, which may correspond to the different soil components, such as soil organic fractions with amorphous and condensed structures, respectively.     

介质材料在可渗透反应墙中的应用进展

可渗透反应墙正发展成为修复污染地下水技术的新方向,其中介质材料是可渗透反应墙成功修复污染地下水的关键。可渗透反应墙介质材料可以细分为还原型、吸附型、沉淀型和降解型介质材料等四类,并分别从不同类型的介质材料的反应机理、应用情况以及存在的问题等方面加以阐述。可渗透反应墙介质材料的选择应在其反应机理的基础上,结合实际的地下水环境条件、污染源、人类活动和经济费用等加以综合考虑,以保证可渗透反应墙长期有效经济安全地运行。     

塘-湿地复合生态系统处理石油化工废水的效能

应用多级塘(厌氧塘,兼性塘,好氧塘和冬季储留塘)-湿地复合生态系统对石油化工废水进行强化处理和利用,处理能力10万m3/d.结果表明,多级塘-湿地复合生态系统在寒冷地区对石油化工废水处理效果良好,最终处理单元芦苇湿地出水的COD、BOD5、TN、NH4+-N、TP和石油类物质的平均值分别可达到75.08,7.51,10.63,5.12,0.5,4.63mg/L.植物生长季节(5～10月),系统对各污染物的去除效果均优于非植物生长季节.系统中的储留塘可实现污水在冬季(11月～翌年5月)的零排放,保证全年处理效果.     

采油作业“三废”控制技术研究与应用

针对采油作业产生的废酸、固废、废水处理成本高、技术不成熟等问题,研发改性废酸降压增注、深部调剖技术;高比重污泥悬浮研磨后的固废处理技术;低耗水打塞、原井液+CaCl2压井、原井液处理再利用技术,减少了"三废"的产生,解决了"三废"环保处理费高等问题,消除了环保隐患,实现了清洁生产,环境效益显著。