Genetic evidence for the existence of cryptic species in an endangered clam <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coelomactra antiquata</Emphasis>

Coelomactra antiquata is a commercially important bivalve species, but has been suffering from severe population decline due to over-exploitation and the deterioration of environmental conditions. Previous genetic survey of C. antiquata conducted with allozymes combined with morphology revealed high levels of genetic differentiation between northern and southern populations which suggests a cryptic species might exist in C. antiquata. To test this hypothesis, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and 16S rRNA gene sequence were used to re-evaluate the spatial genetic structure of six populations of C. antiquata along the coast of China. Both genetic markers display a sharp genetic break between the four northern populations (northern lineage) and two southern population (southern lineage). Large numbers of private alleles (AFLP) were found within the northern or southern populations and a deep divergence of about 6.5% in 16S rRNA gene sequence between the northern and southern lineages suggests the occurrence of potential cryptic or sibling species of C. antiquata. Applying previously published rates of mutation, divergence between the two lineages is estimated to have occurred approximately 3 million years ago and may be due to allopatric isolation during the middle Pliocene times. While no genetic differentiation was found within the northern or southern populations in both AFLP and 16S mtDNA markers, the results indicate that the northern and southern lineage should be managed separately and any translocation between the two areas should be avoided.     

光污染防治立法的研究及探讨

目前,光污染这种新型的环境污染,已成为一个必需正视的环境问题。为了更为有效地防治光污染,保护公众的环境权益,中国急需建立光污染防治法律体系。采用符合本国国情的立法模式,建立完善的监管体系,制定具体明确的光污染防治标准等将是中国光污染防治法律体系建立的核心内容。本文阐述了光污染的概况,介绍了国内外光污染防治立法现状,前瞻性地提出以经济和生态的可持续发展为指导思想,采取预防性原则从环保和法律的角度出发,建立符合中国国情的光污染防治体系,全面防治光污染的建议。     

好氧颗粒污泥的研究现状及应用前景

简述了好氧颗粒污泥的国内外研究现状,介绍了好氧颗粒污泥的形成机制、特性及影响好氧颗粒污泥形成的关键因素,如微生物表面疏水性、水流剪切力、进水底物、有机负荷、DO、pH、沉降时间、进水中Ca2 的添加及温度等.并对好氧颗粒污泥的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望.     

河流沉积物中微生物DNA的提取方法比较研究

提取河流沉积物中DNA是研究河流沉积物微生物多样性的难点之一,实验开发了一种酚与SDS的DNA提取方法,与OMEGA和BioDee 2种DNA提取试剂盒方法进行了比较,并通过DNA纯度、PCR扩增结合16S rDNA克隆文库检验对几种方法进行了评价.结果表明,OMEGA DNA提取试剂盒法方法简单,提取的DNA纯度较高...     

EGSB 反应器处理产氢发酵液简

以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,对厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床（EGSB）反应器处理产氢发酵液的启动性能进行了研究。结果表明,在温度为（35±1）℃,水力停留时间（HRT）为6 h的条件下,逐渐提高进水COD,经过40 d连续运行,EGSB反应器启动成功。容积负荷达到14 kg COD/（m³·d）时,COD去除率约为80%,产气量为26.84 L/d,甲烷含量为57.9%。