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51.
试验采用摇动床缺氧-好氧工艺处理渔业加工废水,研究结果表明,摇动床缺氧-好氧工艺对污染物去除效果良好,在BOD5容积负荷为1.5 kg/(m3·d),HRT=5.9~4.7 h,硝化液回流比为1.0的条件下,系统进水中COD、TN和NH+4-N的平均值分别为543.1、72.1和63.6 mg/L时,去除率分别达到93.6%、72.7%和98.9%,出水平均浓度值分别为34.1、19.5和0.7 mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002) 一级标准。试验期间MLSS最高可达到17 425 mg/L,同时保持SVI在50~70 mL/g的低范围内,污泥沉降性能良好。通过显微镜观察,反应器中生物种类多样,从而保证了摇动床系统极低的污泥产率(MLSS/CODremoval为0.1891),实现了污泥减量。 相似文献
52.
Xun Chen Yumei Zhang Lingyan Cheng Huaping Wang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(4):273-279
Rheological behavior of the concentrated cellulose/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) solutions was investigated.
As polymeric fluid, solutions of cellulose in [BMIM]Cl display a marked elastic behavior under shear flow. The dependence
of the shear viscosity η, and of the dynamic modulus, on concentration, average degree of polymerization (DP) and temperature
is discussed. At lower concentrations and degrees of polymerization (DP), cellulose solutions show viscous, inelastic behavior
at low frequencies and low shear rate. At higher concentration and DP, cellulose solutions are more elastic at higher frequencies
and shear rate. Such solutions also have some usual rheological properties. The dynamic rheological responses revealed that
the Cox–Merz rule did not hold for these cellulose solutions at high deformation rate. Plotting storage modulus G′ against
loss modulus G″ gave almost a master curve which is independent of temperature and concentration, with the slope of about
1.651 for 10 wt% cellulose solutions. This value indicates the existence of microheterogeneity in the solution system. 相似文献
53.
建于城市远郊区的污水处理厂由于长距离管道输送污水中通常含有一定浓度的硫化物。通过郊区和城区污水处理厂硝化菌最大比增长速率常数(μA)的测定和硫化物抑制实验研究了硫化物对硝化菌活性的影响。经测定,位于郊区的白龙港污水处理厂15、20和25℃下μA值分别为0.19 d-1、0.50 d-1和0.72 d-1,而15℃和20℃下位于市区的曲阳厂μA值分别为0.41 d-1和0.80 d-1。通过向曲阳厂污泥中加入硫化钠和氯化钠的实验发现,低浓度钠离子对硝化菌活性没有明显的抑制作用;而硫化物在曝气条件下直接与污泥接触对硝化菌活性几乎没有影响,但不曝气混合接触后再曝气则硝化菌μA值将下降50%左右。硫化物的抑制作用很可能是白龙港厂硝化菌μA值明显低于曲阳厂实测值和文献报道值的原因。 相似文献
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56.
Distribution, source and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soils of Beijing, China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The concentration of PCBs in urban soils of Beijing across six land types including business districts (BD), cultural and educational areas (CE), classical gardens (CG), public green (PG), residential areas (RA), and roadsides (RD) was investigated. The total concentrations of PCBs ranged from below method detection limit (M.D.L.) to 37.11 × 10−3 mg kg−1 dry weight (mean: 11.70 × 10−3 mg kg−1; median: 13.28 × 10−3 mg kg−1), which was at a medium level compared with other cities around the world. In general, the levels of PCBs decreased from the center of Beijing city to the suburb, suggesting the increasing PCBs concentrations with the age of the urban area. For different types of land use, the highest level of PCBs was observed in CG soils which have the oldest age, and the homologue profiles were similar, which were predominated by lowly chlorinated congeners including di-, tri- and tetra-CBs. Principal component analysis indicated that local sources such as Aroclor 1016, 1242, and 1248 were important sources in addition to long-range transport of PCBs all over the world. Although the toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs in all soil samples of Beijing were higher than those in other urban areas of China, they met the Canadian soil quality standard. 相似文献
57.
采用改性粉煤灰对含磷废水进行净化,考察了pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度对净化效果的影响。结果表明:(1)当pH为9时,磷净化率达到最大值。(2)当改性粉煤灰用量为30g/L时,磷净化率可达99.53%,磷净化后质量浓度为0.91mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中二级标准限值(1.0mg/L);当改性粉煤灰用量为40g/L时,磷净化率可达99.75%,磷净化后质量浓度为0.48mg/L,达到GB8978—1996中一级标准限值(0.5mg/L)。(3)改性粉煤灰对废水中磷的净化速度较快,吸附5min即可使吸附过程达到平衡;进一步提高吸附时间,磷净化率及净化后浓度几乎不再变化。(4)吸附温度对磷净化率的影响较小,当吸附温度为20~40℃时,磷净化率为97.00%~98.62%。(5)改性粉煤灰对磷的吸附等温线较符合Freundlich方程,且1/n=0.374,吸附过程易进行,改性粉煤灰可作为磷的吸附剂用于废水中磷的净化。 相似文献
58.
To evaluate the treatment capability of subsurface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) and the effect of salinity on the degradation of atrazine, the degradation of atrazine in SFCW was studied. Under the static condition, the degradation of atrazine in SFCW followed first-order kinetics: c=0.09679 exp(-0.0396t) (c, residue concentration, mg l(-1); t, retention time, d), with a half-life of approximately 17.5 days. The atrazine degradation kinetic functions were established for salinities of 1.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 g l(-1), respectively, which appeared to approach first-order kinetics. The effect of salinity on the atrazine treatment efficiency showed an exponential inhibition: lnk=3.204+0.04991 C (k, degradation constant; C, NaCl concentration, mg l(-1)). The attenuation of atrazine in SFCW cannot be a result of hydrolysis or sorption process. It was considered that some bacteria in the wetland system degraded atrazine into deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) and sequentially into CO(2) and H(2)O. Salinity impacted on the growth of bacteria resulting in a switch of the microbial community. With the increase of salinity, Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index in the SFCW system declined. The relationship between atrazine degradation constant (k) and Shannon Index was established as shown in linear phase, y=-0.07286+0.0363x. The positive correlation between them indicated that microbial community played an important role in the atrazine degradation process. 相似文献
59.
长江流域平原区水网密布、渔业发达,养殖池塘造成的氮磷污染问题突出,是河湖富营养化的重要污染源之一;从大空间尺度,精细化估算养殖池塘的氮磷污染负荷,对水污染的精准防控具有重要意义.以长江流域为研究区,依托Google Earth Engine遥感大数据平台,构建了基于机器学习算法的养殖池塘识别模型,精细化识别了长江流域养殖池塘的分布与类型;梳理养殖坑塘的氮磷污染研究案例,针对长江流域养殖坑塘的特征,构建氮磷污染负荷的估算方法,评估氮磷污染负荷的时空分布.研究结果表明:2021年,长江流域养殖池塘总面积为14567km2,包括鱼塘5820 km2、虾蟹塘8747 km2、氮磷排放量分别为95059、16224 t;中部地区的氮磷污染负荷最大,东部地区次之,西部地区最小.本研究是遥感大数据在大尺度污染负荷定量分析的尝试应用,方法适用于其它类型污染负荷的估算. 相似文献
60.