Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment from Liao River and Taihu Lake, China

The concentrations of four perfluorinated sulfonate acids (PFSAs) and 10 perfluorinated carboxylate acids (PFCAs) were measured in water and sediment samples from Liao River and Taihu Lake, China. In the water samples from Taihu Lake, PFOA and PFOS were the most detected perfluorinated compounds (PFCs); in Liao River, PFHxS was the predominant PFC followed by PFOA, while PFOS was only detected in two of the samples. This suggests that different PFC products are used in the two regions. PFOS and PFOA in both watersheds are at similar level as in the rivers of Japan, but significantly lower than in Great Lakes. The contributions of PFOS and long chain PFCAs in sediments were much higher than in water samples of both watersheds, indicating preferential partition of these PFCs in sediment. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were three orders of magnitude of lower than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the same sediments. The average sediment-water partition coefficients (log K_oc) of PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA were determined to be 2.16, 2.88 and 2.28 respectively.     

光助非均相Fenton体系用于活性艳红X-3B脱色的研究

在光助非均相Fenton体系中,采用一种稀土铈铁复合(CeFe)材料作为催化剂,并探讨了该反应体系在不同条件下活性艳红X3B的脱色效果。结果表明:该光助非均相Fenton反应在前10min符合一级反应动力学。采用掺杂0.08mol/L铈制备的CeFe材料对活性艳红X3B具有最佳的脱色效果,在pH3.0、H2O234mg/L、UV253.7nm条件下,10min内该反应体系速率常数k达到0.2456min-1,明显高于相同条件下的UV/H2O2(0.0446min-1)、UV/CeFe(0.0306min-1)体系的速率常数。     

壳聚糖-钇多孔微球对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能与机理分析

以壳聚糖和Y2(OH)5NO3为原料通过乳液交联法制备了壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球,通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等方法对其表面形貌、结构进行了表征.探讨了溶液的pH值、反应时间、投加量、离子初始浓度对其吸附性能的影响.研究结果表明,壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)复合微球在pH值为3的酸性环境中对Cr(Ⅵ)保持了较高的吸附能力,吸附容量为52.39mg·g-1,其吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型;通过吸附机理的研究,发现壳聚糖-钇(Ch—Y)对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附是化学吸附静电吸附协同氧化Cr(Ⅵ)离子作用来实现的.     

弱碱性树脂吸附-解吸苦味酸

考察了水中苦味酸在弱碱性离子交换树脂D301R上的吸附与解吸。研究了吸附热力学、动力学特性及吸附机理。结果表明,树脂在pH=2.7～10.2时,吸附能力最好。等温平衡吸附遵循Freundlich模型。吸附过程为吸热、熵增的自发过程。吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级速率方程,颗粒内扩散为吸附速率的主要控制步骤,吸附速率常数为7.23×10-5～1.20×10-4g/(mg.min),吸附活化能为19.4 kJ/mol。树脂上吸附的苦味酸可用HNO3+丙酮混合液定量洗脱,洗脱率达99%。静态吸附和脱附的比较结果证实了吸附过程中存在不可逆化学吸附。树脂对苦味酸的吸附主要是通过静电吸附、酸碱络合吸附、氢键吸附等协同作用来完成的。     

环境与贸易投资研究述评

在需求引领下,环境与贸易投资国内外研究保持与实践同步,并通过研究不断丰富环境与贸易投资内涵与外延。与国际研究相比,国内环境与贸易投资研究起步相对较晚,但发展迅速,与世界基本接轨,且研究视角也日趋丰富,但仍存在规则类、政策类研究比重较低,对政策制定支持不足等问题,需要进一步加强政策和政策评估类研究,并为相关研究提供基础支撑和条件保障。     

厨余垃圾厌氧消化处理难点及调控策略分析

厨余垃圾产量大、有机物含量高、营养元素丰富,对其进行适当处理后资源化利用是厨余垃圾处理的发展方向。厌氧消化可实现生物质能的高效利用,是厨余垃圾资源化、无害化处理的主要方法之一。提升餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效率获得清洁能源及对消化产物的综合利用是目前研究的热点。介绍了厨余垃圾的基本特性、厌氧消化的机理,总结厨余垃圾厌氧消化各阶段面临的问题,分析对应的国内外调控策略的优缺点及研究进展,并对今后厨余垃圾厌氧消化的调控新策略及产物再利用进行展望。     

北方碱性褐土有效镉提取方法筛选

以北方碱性褐土有效镉提取方法筛选为研究内容,在褐土分布区南北纵向300 km范围内,采集32套小麦和根系土样品,分析总镉含量.同时,对根系土采用0.43 mol/L硝酸溶液、1 mol/L盐酸溶液、0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液、0.001 mol/L盐酸溶液、DTPA(1∶2)浸提剂、DTPA(1∶5)浸提剂、DTPA+...     

青海省及邻近区域未来强震趋势分析

汶川8.0级地震发生以后,未来地震趋势如何,是人们十分关心的问题,本文以青海省及邻近区域为研究对象,运用区域地质构造、历史地震分布、震源机制解及青海及邻近区域的地震目录等,进行周期划分,能量释放分析等方面研究。综合分析结果,提出了相应的重点监视区域等相关结论。     

气相色谱-质谱测定土壤样品中有机磷农药

利用索氏提取器或加速溶剂萃取装置对土壤样品中的有机磷农药进行提取,经旋转蒸发浓缩至一定体积后,用小柱净化或者凝胶渗透色谱法净化,再经氮吹浓缩后,用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)进行定性定量分析.39种有机磷农药的回收率基本都在70％ ～ 130％,相对标准偏差小于10％,检出限为0.089 4 mg/kg ～0.693 mg/kg.经实验证明,该方法是一种快速、准确、灵敏度高且同时能满足检测土壤中多种有机磷农药残留的检测方法.     

Selenium speciation in flue desulfurization residues

Flue gas from coal combustion contains significant amounts of volatile selenium (Se). The capture of Se in the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber unit has resulted in a generation of metal-laden residues. It is important to determine Se speciation to understand the environmental impact of its disposal. A simple method has been developed for selective inorganic Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se determination in the liquid-phase FGD residues by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). It has been determined that Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se can be accurately determined with detection limits (DL) of 0.05, 0.06 and 0.06 g/L, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing the certified reference material, NIST CRM 1632c, and also by analyzing spiked tap-water samples. Analysis indicates that the concentration of Se is high in FGD liquid residues and primarily exists in a reduced state as selenite (Se(IV)). The toxicity of Se(IV) is the strongest of all Se species. Flue gas desulfurization residues pose a serious environmental risk.