从工业废液中回收镍钴合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2

探索了从废液中回收镍钻在空气气氛下合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2的方法和工艺。结果表明,合成材料的充放电性能都比较好,LiNo0.3Co0.7O2在600℃6h→750℃16h时制得的产物初始充电容量达到154．938mAh/g,接近用分析纯的镍钴原料合成的正极材料LiNi0.3Co0.7O2的首次充电容量（156．146mAh/g）。采用镍钴废液合成锂离子电池正极材料,化害为利,经济可行。     

活性氧化铝负载DBU吸附CO2

为了减少燃煤电厂烟气CO2排放,对浸渍法制备的活性氧化铝(Al2O3)负载1,8-二氮杂二环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)吸附剂及其固定床吸附CO2性能进行了研究,采用全自动气体吸附分析仪和同步热重分析仪对吸附剂比表面积、总孔容、平均孔径和热稳定性进行了表征。实验结果表明,Al2O3负载DBU吸附剂具有较大的比表面积和发达的孔隙结构,在低于140℃时具有良好的热稳定性;在室温条件下,DBU负载率为11.75%时,吸附剂对CO2吸附量最高可达18.11mg/g;经过8次吸附-脱附循环实验后,吸附剂仍保持较好的CO2吸附性能。     

Distribution,origin, and transformation of metal and metalloid pollution in vegetable fields,irrigation water,and aerosols near a Pb-Zn mine

Pollution of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in vegetable fields was investigated near a Pb-Zn mine that has been exploited for over 50 years without a tailing reservoir. A total of 205 water, soil, and aerosol samples were taken and quantified by combined chemical, spectrometric, and mineral analytical methods. The pollution origins were identified by Pb isotopes and the pathways of transformation and transport of the elements and minerals was studied. The data showed that the vegetable fields were seriously polluted by As, Cd, and Pb. Some concentrations in the samples were beyond the regulatory levels and not suitable for agricultural activities. This study revealed that: (1) particulate matter is a major pollution source and an important carrier of mineral particles and pollutants; (2) the elements from the polluted water and soils were strongly correlated with each other; (3) Pb isotope ratios from the samples show that Pb minerals were the major pollution sources in the nearby vegetable fields, and the aerosols were the main carrier of mining pollution; (4) the alkaline, rich-carbonate, and wet conditions in this area promoted the weathering and transformation of galena into the secondary minerals, anglesite and cerussite, which are significant evidence of such processes; (5) the soil and the aerosols are a recycled secondary pollution source for each other when being re-suspended with wind. Highlights ? Mining activities generated heavy metal pollution in fields around a Pb-Zn mine ? The elements from water and soils are strongly correlated ? Anglesite and cerussite are evidence of galena transformation into secondary minerals ? Particulate matter is an important transport carrier of pollution     

Performance evaluation of various stormwater best management practices

Many best management practices have been developed and implemented to treat the nonpoint source pollution of the aquatic environment in Korea's four major river basins. The performance and cost of these facilities were evaluated and compared using broad categories, including grassed swales, constructed wetlands, vegetated filter strips, hydrodynamic separators, media filters, and infiltration trenches, based on the monitoring and maintenance work undertaken between 2005 and 2012. Constructed wetlands, media filters, and infiltration trenches generally performed better in removing pollutants than other types of facilities, while media filters were the most expensive factor in terms of construction and operational costs. In addition, constructed wetlands incurred the least operational cost, as well as helping to control the quantity of runoff. This illustrates that a high cost facility does not necessarily give a better performance. A slightly more expensive facility, such as wetland, could prove to be a reasonably effective treatment. The selection of the most appropriate treatment for stormwater runoff should be based on an overall analysis of performance and cost.     

天津地区主要河流沉积物中多环芳烃化合物的组成与分布特征

对天津地区海河、北运河、潮白新河、北京排污河、永定新河、蓟运河、北塘排污河（北排污河）、大沽排污河（南排污河）和南运河等9条具代表性河流的沉积物样品进行了分析检测．结果表明，不同河流沉积物样品中均分布有多种类型的烃类污染物，已经检测到的多环芳烃化合物主要包括萘、苊、苊烯、联苯、菲、惹烯、芴、二苯并呋喃（氧芴）、二苯并噻吩（硫芴）、荧蒽、芘、菌、苯并芴、苯并蒽、苯并荧蒽、苯并芘、苝、二苯并[a，h]蒽、茚并[1，2，3-cd]芘、苯并[g，h，i]苝等系列多种单体化合物，相对含量较高的主要有菲、甲基菲、荧蒽、芘、菌等；不同河流或同一河流不同河段沉积物中有机物和烃类污染物含量及组成均存在较大差别，其中北塘排污河、大沽排污河和南运河有机物和烃类污染物含量较高，海河及津北地区的潮白新河、蓟运河、北京排污河、永定新河有机物和烃类含量较低；津北地区河流沉积物中烷基取代物与多环芳烃母体化合物的相对比值较低，且从上游到下游有增大的趋势，海河、南北排污河、南运河沉积物中该比值相对较高，且从城区河段到下游有降低的趋势；不同河流沉积物中四环芳烃相对含量变化不明显，但四环以上芳烃化合物变化比较明显，其中海河、南北排污河及南运河沉积物中四环以上芳烃化合物的相对含量较低，津北地区北运河、潮白新河、北京排污河、永定新河的相对含量较高．由此推测，城区及津南地区的南北排污河、南运河多环芳烃中石油烃贡献相对较大，津北地区北京排污河、潮白新河、蓟运河和永定新河沉积物中石油烃污染源贡献相对较小，大气沉降物的贡献相对较大．     

DBU醇溶液对CO_2吸收量的影响研究

本文考察了CO2体积分数、温度、气体流量、吸收液喷雾量、DBU体积分数等因素对CO2吸收量的影响.研究结果表明:各因素对CO2吸收量的影响大小顺序为CO2体积分数温度气体流量吸收液喷雾量DBU体积分数,DBU醇溶液喷雾吸收CO2的最佳条件是CO2体积分数15%、温度30℃、气体流量2.7 L·min-1、吸收液喷雾量30 m L·min-1、DBU体积分数5%,此时CO2吸收量为1.095 mol·mol-1.     

铅锌银矿区蔬菜中重金属吸收特征及分布规律

主要通过高压密闭消解方法,利用等离子质谱(ICP-MS)对采自南京市栖霞山铅锌银矿区周围几大类常见的蔬菜中Pb、cd、Cr、As等重金属元素含量进行分析研究.结果表明,不同蔬菜品种对重金属的富集程度有较大区别,整体上有葱蒜类＞绿叶类＞食用菌类＞白菜类＞薯芋类＞直根类＞茄果类＞豆类的趋势,Pb在叶菜类(葱蒜类和绿叶类)中具有相对强的富集程度.同一蔬菜不同部位对金属的吸收特征也不同,萝卜(Raphanus sativus)叶中Pb(含量范围为42.120～1.461 μg·g-1)和As平均含量为根(Pb含量范围为3.571～0.279μg·-1)的10倍,黄豆(Giycine max(L)Merrill)中重金属质量分数依次是豆叶+豆角皮＞豆茎＞黄豆皮＞黄豆.此外矿区菜园地中蔬菜对金属的富集和迁移受矿山开采的影响.通过本结果,可进一步了解矿区农田蔬菜受重金属污染的程度和特征,为合理布局蔬菜的种植提供建议,为进一步研究蔬菜中重金属的作用情况提供参考.     

填料塔中DBU溶液对CO2脱除率的实验研究

温室效应日益受到各国政府和科学家的关注,如何实现CO2捕集成为温室气体减排的关键.本文通过搭建吸收CO2的填料塔,研究1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)溶液浓度、DBU溶液流量、气体流量、液气比、入口CO2浓度、气体温度和填料层高度对CO2脱除率的影响.结果发现CO2脱除率随DBU溶液浓度、DBU溶液流量和液气比的增大而增大;随气体流量和入口CO2浓度的增加而下降;气体温度在30~40℃时,CO2脱除率达到最高;填料层高度对CO2脱除率也有一定影响,随着填料层高度的增加,CO2脱除率只有小幅增大,因此实际应用中要综合考虑脱除率和经济性,选择合适的填料高度.     

喷雾填料塔DBU溶液吸收CO_2研究

文章通过搭建一个模拟工业吸收CO2的喷雾填料塔,探究1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)吸收液浓度、液气比、气体温度、入口CO2浓度对CO2吸收的影响。研究发现,DBU浓度从1%增加到25%,CO2脱除率(η)从18.24%增加到96.6%,增幅明显;随着液气比的增加(从7L/m3增加到57L/m3),η从31.29%增大到90.14%;气体温度在25~40℃时,η从90.14%增加到95.71%,在40~60℃时,从95.71%下降到84.55%;入口CO2浓度从4.5%增加到15%,η从93%下降到50%。DBU吸收液浓度和入口CO2浓度升高,CO2吸收能力逐渐增大;液气比增加,CO2吸收能力先增后减;气体温度升高,CO2吸收能力逐渐减小。     

Evaluation of bioaccessible arsenic in fly ash by an in vitro method and influence of particle-size fraction on arsenic distribution

A huge amount of fly ash is produced by coal-fired power plants every year in China and leads to increasing environmental problems associated with disposal and treatment. It will be very helpful for the study of management and disposal of solid waste to understand the bioaccessibility and environmental behaviors of arsenic in fly ash. In this paper, an in vitro physiologically-based extraction test was applied to estimate the solubility and bioaccessibility of arsenic in fly ash in the human gastrointestinal tract. The fly ash samples were sieved into different fractions with different particle sizes (100–60, 60–10, 10–2.5, <2.5 μm). The influence of particle size on both total and bioaccessible arsenic was also investigated. The results demonstrated that arsenic concentrations in fly ash were significantly correlated with particle size. The proportion of bioaccessible arsenic (gastric and intestinal arsenic) accounting for the total arsenic was in the range of 36–67 %. The statistic analysis indicated that total arsenic in fly ash was linearly correlated with bioaccessible arsenic. The results illustrated that bioaccessible arsenic was dominated by total arsenic.