使用热处理污泥吸附剂去除废水中重金属铜的研究

基于重金属铜的高度危害性和污泥的高效重复利用的考虑,研究了在污泥吸附剂上去除合成废水中重金属铜的实例。将污泥干燥,研磨并在各种温度下进行热处理,使用SEM和FTIR技术分析了污泥的表面形貌和化学结构。实验所研究的参数是铜离子的初始浓度、反应时间、污泥用量以及污泥的热处理温度。实验数据显示随着污泥用量的增加,Cu+2的去除率增加,并根据使用的浓度范围,研究了Cu+2的初始浓度对重金属铜去除率的影响。对实验数据使用不同等温线进行模拟,获得线性拟合性能较好的等温模型。     

低碳经济发展中物流绿色发展趋势研究

文中主要对低碳经济发展中物流绿色发展趋势进行了研究,介绍了对低碳经济发展物流绿色发展评价,探讨了低碳经济发展中的不同问卷的调查结果,对物流绿色发展的认知、态度和行动进行了论述,在论述过程中,主要包括对低碳经济发展中的物流认知、对低碳经济发展中的物流态度、对低碳经济发展中的物流行动和对发展低碳经济物流的认知、态度与行动的比较,最后给出了低碳经济发展中物流绿色发展趋势,对低碳经济发展中物流绿色发展给出了研究基础。     

阳极溶出伏安法、石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中总铬的方法比较研究

铬是海洋水体中的痕量重金属之一,海水的高盐基体对铬的测定有严重的干扰,而且海水中同时存在Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),两种不同价态给测定也带来了一定难度。文章从Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化率、方法检出限、精密度、实际样品加标等方面对过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法与传统的MIBK萃取-无火焰原子吸收分光光度法进行了比较研究,发现两种方法在测试结果上无显著差异,但是过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法具有更高的精密度,更低的检出限,且对Cr(Ⅲ)的回收率略有提升。     

Reduction of heavy metal content in Hiroshima Bay oysters (Crassostrea gigas) by purification

Cultured oysters from Hiroshima Bay were analysed to determine the content of nine trace elements, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) and compared with oysters treated for 48 h in both artificial sea water and a solution of 0.5% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in artificial sea water. It was found that the values of As and Fe in both groups of treated oysters were significantly lower than in the untreated oysters and that the Pb and Mn levels tended to be lower. It was also found that oysters treated in 0.5% EDTA solution in artificial sea water had lower levels of Cd and Cu than the oysters treated only in artificial sea water.     

Development of monitoring technology for airborne particulate matter

Particulate matter suspended in the air has adverse effects onhuman health. Its level of concentration is an important parameter in evaluating the degree of hazard it poses to the atmosphere. Conventional methods used in measuring particulatematter are often filter-based, which indicates some disadvantagesbecause such a base requires labor and time. In this study, to achieve real-time measurements, a new electrical method was developed for measuring PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. The basicprinciple is to electrically charge particles passing through thePM inlet using a corona charger and measure the currents createdby charged particles to obtain the number concentration of particulate matter. A new type inlet based on the particle cupimpactor configuration was designed and its performance was evaluated. A unipolar diffusion charger was developed and thecharger's efficiency was determined experimentally in terms ofPn, which represents the penetration through the charger,P, times the average charge number acquired by a particle,n, for different particle sizes. The correlation was constructed between the PM10 (or the PM2.5) mass concentrationsand the electrical currents due to particles, which were chargedby the diffusion charger.     

Analysis of pollutant levels in central Hong Kong applying neural network method with particle swarm optimization

Air pollution has emerged as an imminent issue in modernsociety. Prediction of pollutant levels is an importantresearch topic in atmospheric environment today. For fulfillingsuch prediction, the use of neural network (NN), and inparticular the multi-layer perceptrons, has presented to be acost-effective technique superior to traditional statisticalmethods. But their training, usually with back-propagation (BP)algorithm or other gradient algorithms, is often with certaindrawbacks, such as: 1) very slow convergence, and 2) easilygetting stuck in a local minimum. In this paper, a newlydeveloped method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) model, isadopted to train perceptrons, to predict pollutant levels, andas a result, a PSO-based neural network approach is presented. The approach is demonstrated to be feasible and effective bypredicting some real air-quality problems.     

青铜峡铝厂氟污染对广武乡玉米影响的调查分析

监测了青铜峡铝厂东南方向４．５ｋｍ的广武乡玉米叶，得知含氟量为４３．９４－１６６．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对照样品树新林场玉米叶的含氟均值为１３．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，广武乡的玉米受到了严重的氟污染，农作物减产严重。     

发展我国环境监测技术产业的探讨

本文从发展我国环境监测技术产业的角度论述了环境监测技术产业的主要内容，分析了我国环境监测技术产业的发展和存在的问题，对发展我国环境监测技术产业提出了建议。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定海河下游水中痕量镉

原子吸收光谱法直接测定高盐水中痕量镉时，有很大背景吸收和误差。本文采用络合—萃取技术使共存元素与待测元素分离，既消除了基体干扰，又达到了富集作用，使测定结果准确可靠。     

Arsenic speciation in human hair: a new perspective for epidemiological assessment in chronic arsenicism

The analysis for arsenic in hair is commonly used in epidemiological studies to assess exposure to this toxic element. However, poor correlation between total arsenic concentration in hair and water sources have been found in previous studies. Exclusive determination of endogenous arsenic in the hair, excluding external contamination has become an analytical challenge. Arsenic speciation in hair appears as a new possibility for analytical assessing in As-exposure studies. This study applied a relative simple method for arsenic speciation in human hair based on water extraction and HPLC-HG-ICP-MS. The concentration of arsenic species in human hair was assessed in chronically As(V)-exposed populations from two villages (Esqui?a and Illapata) of the Atacama Desert, Chile. The arsenic concentrations in drinking water are 0.075 and 1.25 mg L(-1), respectively, where As(V) represented between 92 and 99.5% of the total arsenic of the consumed waters. On average, the total arsenic concentrations in hair from individuals of Esqui?a and Illapata were 0.7 and 6.1 microg g(-1), respectively. Four arsenic species, As(III), DMA(V), MMA(V) and As(V), were detected and quantified in the hair extracts. Assuming the found species in extracts represent the species in hair, more than 98% of the total arsenic in hair corresponded to inorganic As. On average, As(III) concentrations in hair were 0.25 and 3.75 microg g(-1) in Esqui?a and Illapata, respectively; while, the As(V) average concentrations were 0.15 and 0.45 microg g(-1) in Esqui?a and Illapata, respectively. Methylated species represent less than 2% of the extracted As (DMA(V)+ MMA(V)) in both populations. As(III) in hair shows the best correlation with chronic exposure to As(V) in comparison to other species and total arsenic. In fact, concentrations of As(total), As(III) and As(V) in hair samples are correlated with the age of the exposed individuals from Illapata (R= 0.65, 0.69, 0.57, respectively) and with the time of residence in this village (R= 0.54, 0.71 and 0.58, respectively).