阳极溶出伏安法、石墨炉原子吸收法测定海水中总铬的方法比较研究

铬是海洋水体中的痕量重金属之一,海水的高盐基体对铬的测定有严重的干扰,而且海水中同时存在Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),两种不同价态给测定也带来了一定难度。文章从Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化率、方法检出限、精密度、实际样品加标等方面对过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法与传统的MIBK萃取-无火焰原子吸收分光光度法进行了比较研究,发现两种方法在测试结果上无显著差异,但是过氧化氢氧化-阳极溶出伏安法具有更高的精密度,更低的检出限,且对Cr(Ⅲ)的回收率略有提升。     

青年群体对传统绿色生态文化回归的影响研究

传统方法对青年群体绿色生态文化回归的影响分析中,存在青年群体分析影响片面,影响分析计算准确率较低的问题。为此提出青年群体对传统绿色生态文化回归的影响与思考。通过勒布朗斯回归数学影响方程确定影响因子,建立青年群体主观因子与客观因子之间的动态关联;采用大数据分析,构建大数据影响因子数据分析模型;依托绿色生态文化回归影响算法,从而完成青年群体对传统绿色生态文化回归的影响分析。该影响分析方法比传统方法平均准确度提升3.55倍,且能够实现青年群体对传统绿色生态文化回归的影响分析。     

废水中硝基苯类化合物测定方法的探讨及新方法研究

探讨了废水中硝基苯类化合物的气相色谱法测定方法中的水样预处理操作繁琐,实验耗时长,且萃取时使用易挥发有毒有害的有机物二氯甲烷。另一种常见的测定方法还原-偶氮分光光度法,而染料、印染制革等工业废水的颜色较深,对测定造成干扰,通常通过蒸馏预处理消除水样颜色带来的干扰,而在蒸馏过程中因硝基苯类沸点较高不能将水样中的硝基苯类化合物全部蒸出,导致检测结果偏低。提出了一种经聚己内酰胺脱色,简单又快捷地消除水样中颜色的干扰,又避免了硝基苯类化合物蒸馏不完全的问题,再利用还原-偶氮分光光度法准确测定废水中硝基苯类化合物的方法。     

湿地植被对污水净化效果分析研究

人工湿地植被种植对污水净化具有显著性的改善作用,分析人工湿地植被种植与污水净化的量化关系,分析人工湿地植被种植对污水改善的原理,建立生态植被污水净化处理模式,采用多元回归分析方法人工湿地植被对水质控制和小型富营养水体生态恢复的效益因素,以营养物的去除率、重金属的去除率以及有机物去除率为指标,分析人工湿地植被种植对污水净化的生态学改善模型。研究表明,人工湿地植被种植能增加水体透明度,降低水体中的富营养物和重金属等物质,对污水具有显著性的改善作用。     

A study on the interactions among several plant secondary compounds and aphids

The research, focused on the specific interactions among seven plant secondary compounds and aphids, was carried out and the preliminary results showed: (1) "T-typed tube method" was regarded as the best method compared with others designed to observe the interactions. (2) Cabbage aphid was able to be attracted by laurolene while it was not susceptible to α-pinene, β-pinene and diamylene. (3) Gossypol, a major secondary substance in cotton, was able to be implicated as feeding attractant to cotton aphid. (4) Rutin might be implicated repellent to cotton aphid.     

青铜峡铝厂氟污染对广武乡玉米影响的调查分析

监测了青铜峡铝厂东南方向４．５ｋｍ的广武乡玉米叶，得知含氟量为４３．９４－１６６．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，对照样品树新林场玉米叶的含氟均值为１３．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，广武乡的玉米受到了严重的氟污染，农作物减产严重。     

Determination of PAHs by On-Line Polarization Synchronous Fluorescence with HPLC

A novel analytical method has been established for on-line simultaneous determination of fluorene and acenaphthene,chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A) by polarization synchronous fluoromet.y (PSF) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection limits were: 0.039, 0.046, 0.016 and 0.042 mgL-1 for fluorene, acenaphthene, chrysene and B[a]A, respectively. The proposed method has been successfisily applied to simultaneous determination of these PAHs in environmental air and marine sediment samples.     

The organic composition of diesel particulate matter, diesel fuel and engine oil of a non-road diesel generator

Diesel-powered equipment is known to emit significant quantities of fine particulate matter to the atmosphere. Numerous organic compounds can be adsorbed onto the surfaces of these inhalable particles, among which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered potential occupational carcinogens. Guidelines have been established by various agencies regarding diesel emissions and various control technologies are under development. The purpose of this study is to identify, quantify and compare the organic compounds in diesel particulate matter (DPM) with the diesel fuel and engine oil used in a non-road diesel generator. Approximately 90 organic compounds were quantified (with molecular weight ranging from 120 to 350), which include alkanes, PAHs, alkylated PAHs, alkylbenzenes and alkanoic acids. The low sulfur diesel fuel contains 61% alkanes and 7.1% of PAHs. The identifiable portion of the engine oil contains mainly the alkanoic and benzoic acids. The composition of DPM suggests that they may be originated from unburned diesel fuel, engine oil evaporation and combustion generated products. Compared with diesel fuel, DPM contains fewer fractions of alkanes and more PAH compounds, with the shift toward higher molecular weight ones. The enrichment of compounds with higher molecular weight in DPM may be combustion related (pyrogenic).     

Response of the Ascorbate-Peroxidase of Selenastrum capricornutum to Copper and Lead in Stormwaters

The green alga Selenastrum capricornutum expresses a uniqueascorbate peroxidase, that responds to copper and lead. Attemptswere made to test if this peroxidase could be used to monitor thelevels of copper and lead in natural waters. When S.capricornutum was exposed to a stormwater sample, the specificactivity of the peroxidase in the cell extract was commensuratewith the combined copper and lead contents in the sample. Theperoxidase responses were also correlated with the 96 hr biomasstoxicity assay of S. capricornutum. However, unlike thebiomass toxicity assay, the peroxidase activity was not affectedby the anions in the samples. The use of this peroxidase can beused as a marker for testing heavy metal toxicity in the water.     

Determination of Trace Organochlorinated Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water

A modified steam distillation liquid-liquid extraction (SDE) device is developed for the enrichment of trace organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in up to one litre of water samples. One ml of n-hexane is sufficient to extract the analytes. The extract can be analysed directly by a capillary gas chromatography-electron capture detector. The recoveries range from 84.6 to 102.3% for OCPs and 80.5 to 106.2% for PCBs, respectively. Matrice materials such as lipids and humic substances were removed by the SDE method from the extract and no further cleanup and concentration steps were needed.