全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2610篇 |
免费 | 108篇 |
国内免费 | 776篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 146篇 |
废物处理 | 174篇 |
环保管理 | 206篇 |
综合类 | 1233篇 |
基础理论 | 453篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 997篇 |
评价与监测 | 115篇 |
社会与环境 | 56篇 |
灾害及防治 | 113篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 38篇 |
2022年 | 117篇 |
2021年 | 112篇 |
2020年 | 66篇 |
2019年 | 75篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 115篇 |
2016年 | 138篇 |
2015年 | 126篇 |
2014年 | 217篇 |
2013年 | 258篇 |
2012年 | 236篇 |
2011年 | 237篇 |
2010年 | 185篇 |
2009年 | 167篇 |
2008年 | 169篇 |
2007年 | 152篇 |
2006年 | 144篇 |
2005年 | 105篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 86篇 |
2002年 | 77篇 |
2001年 | 54篇 |
2000年 | 58篇 |
1999年 | 68篇 |
1998年 | 59篇 |
1997年 | 64篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 41篇 |
1994年 | 29篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3494条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
952.
拮抗菌对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
测定了从沤肥浸渍液和土壤中分离并筛选得到对黄瓜枯萎病菌的室内生物活性的6个菌株,编号为94-I、94-Ⅱ、94-Ⅲ、96-Ⅰ和98-Ⅱ,测定其孢子悬浮培养16h时对黄瓜枯萎菌的抑制率分别为48.29%、0.00%、60.69%、39.28%、61.29%和72.32%,孢子和菌丝有的变畸形并产生大泡囊;平皿拮抗试验表明,其活体浓度为50%时对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为74.52%、83.27%、90.60%、88.59%、89.35%和94.30%;而其相同浓度高压蒸汽灭活后的代谢产物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率最大分别为33.215、52.22%、62.84%、46.57%、47.61%和70.34%。 相似文献
953.
China's national government and Beijing city authorities have adopted additional control measures to reduce the negative impact of vehicle emissions on Beijing's air quality. An evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures may provide guidance for future vehicle emission control strategy development. In-use emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) were investigated at five sites in Beijing with remote sensing instrumentation. Distance-based mass emission factors were derived with fuel consumption modeled on real world data. The results show that the recently implemented aggressive control strategies are significantly reducing the emissions of on-road vehicles. Older vehicles are contributing substantially to the total fleet emissions. An earlier program to retrofit pre-Euro cars with three-way catalysts produced little emission reduction. The impact of model year and driving conditions on the average mass emission factors indicates that the durability of vehicles emission controls may be inadequate in Beijing. 相似文献
954.
Phorate (O,O-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate) dissolved in aqueous solution was almost completely decomposed by ozonation to form various species within 10 minutes of reaction time for the experimental conditions examined in this research. The generation rate of sulfate was found to be fairly independent of solution pH value. However, the formation of phosphate and carbonate was more favorable for alkaline solutions where hydroxyl free radical is the primary oxidative species. The reaction rates increased with initial gaseous ozone concentrations, indicating the reaction was mass transfer-controlled within the experimental range of this research. Combining the analytical results by various instruments, including gas chromatograph equipped with an electron ionization detector (GC-EID), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ion chromatography (IC), and total organic carbon (TOC), the temporal sequence of phorate ozonation was proposed in this study. The oxidation of sulfur atoms on the phosphorus-sulfur double bond or carbon-sulfur-carbon bond by ozonation was found to occur at first to form sulfate and various intermediates. 相似文献
955.
In this paper, the movement behavior of Daphnia magna was studied as a bio-indicator of organophosphorous pesticide (OP) contamination, using an on-line bio-monitoring method, the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor. A static test of acute toxicity test revealed the 24-h and 48-h LC(50) values (95% confidence limit) for Daphnia magna to be respectively 0.45 microg/l and 0.21 microg/l for dipterex 3.80 microg/l and 0.90 microg/l for malathion, and 1.25 microg/l and 0.38 microg/l for parathion. The behavior strength of Daphnia magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress and resulted in significant concentration-response relationships for the three OPs. Increasing OP concentration will result in more intensive behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and shorter response time, which could be described by the Stepwise Stress Model (SSM). Therefore movement behavior can be effectively applied in early warning of environment quality by on-line bio-monitoring. The intensive changes in behavior strength of Daphnia magna over a short time follow the SSM concept and can be used as an indicator of early stress response to OP accidental contamination. 相似文献
956.
Lu LT Chang IC Hsiao TY Yu YH Ma HW 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):49-59
Background Since the 1970s, at least 200 hectares (ha) of farmland has been polluted by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd).Consequently, the
Cd pollution has led to contaminate the rice production and caused acute social panic. According to the recent investigation
results performed by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA), it is indicated that most of the Cd pollution
incidents in Taiwan resulted from the wastewater discharge of stearate Cd factories. To prevent the Cd pollution incidents
from spreading, the TEPA has either forced these factories to close down or assisted them in improving their production processes
since the 1980s. Unfortunately, accidental incidents of Cd pollution still emerge in an endless stream, despite the strict
governmental controls placed on these questionable factories. Whether this pollution has resulted from undetected or hidden
pollution sources stemming from two decades ago or comes from some new source, will be an outstanding issue. Therefore, this
study attempts to identify the pollution sources of Cd in soil in Taiwan as well as to find the solution to the above-mentioned,
outstanding issue by way of a methodology termed Material Flow Analysis (MFA).
Method logy. The MFA has proved to be a useful tool on providing quantitative information of the flow of substances through an economic
to an environmental system. Based upon the supply-and-demand theory of MFA, researchers have successfully conducted an overview
of the use of materials in many industries, the construction industry being one of these. Therefore, this study tries to establish
a set of analytical processes by way of MFA for identifying the pollution source of Cd in soil in Taiwan. In addition, the
spirit of Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) technique was also employed to identify the materials, and products should be ignored
as a crucial pollution source in this study.
Results and Discussion According to the MFA methodology applied in this study and on the basis of related studies performed by Taiwanese governmental
authorities, we arrive at the following analysis results: (1) the total amount of Cd from the economic perspective of material
and product flow was approximately 441.2 tons; (2) the wastewater directly discharged into irrigation water can be concluded
to be the major pollution route of Cd in farmland soil in Taiwan; (3) material plastic stabilizer (cadmium oxide, CdO), Zn-Pd
compounds and Cu compounds should be the crucial pollution sources to contaminate environment through the route of wastewater
in Cd flow analysis; (4) the crucial pollution sources to contaminate environment through the route of wastewater in Cd flow
analysis were five factories, Coin, Jili, Taiwan Dye, Guangzheng and Mingguan, and they were all categorized as stearate Cd
industries; (5) the typical source of the Cd pollution in soil in Changhua County through the pollution route of wastewater
should be the metal surfacing process industries.
Conclusions This study proved that MFA can be a good tool for identifying Cd flow as well as for recognizing the crux of the problem
concerning incidents of Cd pollution. This study led to the conclusion that the causal relationship between farmland pollution
caused by Cd and stearate Cd factories in Taiwan seemed quite close by way of MFA methodology. In addition, this study also
found that the wastewater discharged from a single metal surfacing process factory will not cause remarkable farmland pollution.
However, the wastewater simultaneously discharged from a group of pollution factories can result in a significant pollution
incident.
Recommendations and Outlook This case study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the toxic material flow related to Cd in the environment.
This study recommends that Taiwanese governmental authorities should not deal with problems on an ad hoc basis, but should
instead deal with Cd pollution problems overall employing control measures. Finally, the more accurate information or data
we can collect, the more reliable results we can identify. Therefore, the quality and quantity of related data used in this
MFA model should be closely scrutinized in order to ensure the most correct and comprehensive investigation on the toxic material
flow. 相似文献
957.
The Avoidance Responses of Daphnia magna to the Exposure of Organophosphorus Pesticides in an On-Line Biomonitoring System 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zong-Ming Ren Zhi-Liang Li Jin-Miao Zha Kai-feng Rao Mei Ma Zijian Wang Rong-Shu Fu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(3):405-410
In this study, avoidance behavior of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna Straus was used as indicator to assess the early stress of accidental organophosphorus pesticide (OP) contamination. The
movement behavior was detected by a multi-species biomonitoring system. There was obvious concentration–response relationship
between the OP stress and the behavioral response even at sublethal exposure. A rising OP stress resulted in a significant
decrease of response time to escape (RTE; p<0.05). In comparison of different OPs, it was found that there was a power regression between RTE and the toxic unit of OPs.
Therefore, the avoidance behavior of D. magna was a sensitive indicator of sublethal OP stress, and the power relationship could be used to predict the early warning thresholds
of more OPs in the on-line biomonitoring system. 相似文献
958.
An innovative approach of mean emission by vehicle type was used in this paper to assess the impact of new vehicle emission
standards in Beijing, China during the period of 2000–2005. It was found that CO and NOx emissions decreased by 48% and 23%, respectively, from Type O (before 2000) to Type I (year 2000) vehicles. The reductions
from Type O to Type II (year 2002) vehicles were 85% and 73% for CO and NOx, respectively. When all three types of vehicles (Types O, I and II) are combined, the annual per vehicle CO emissions decreased
from 586 kg per vehicle per year in 2000 to 324 kg per vehicle per year in 2005, while that of NOx decreased from 66.9 to 43.4 kg per vehicle per year, which was mainly resulted from the impact of stringent new vehicle emission
standards implemented in years 2000 and 2002. However, the vehicle population increased by 70% during the same time period,
which offset the impact of cleaner vehicles. Thus, the total vehicle emission decreased little for CO (885,000 tons in 2000,
837,000 tons in 2005) and even increased slightly for NOx (101,000 and 112,000 tons in 2000 and 2005, respectively). The ambient concentrations of CO decreased significantly throughout
2000–2005, the same trend was not observed for NO2. Correlation analysis (grey correlation and Pearson correlation) between the annual vehicle emissions and annual concentrations
of CO, the annual NOx emission and annual NO2 concentration indicated that the implementation of new vehicle emission standards was associated with the abatement of ambient
CO and NO2 concentrations in Beijing. 相似文献
959.
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is an acknowledged hazardous material in drinking waters. As such, effective monitoring and assessment of the risks posed by Cr(VI) are important analytical objectives for both human health and environmental science. However, because of the lack of highly sensitive, rapid, and simple procedures, a relatively limited number of studies have been carried out in this field. Here we report a simple and sensitive analytical procedure of flow injection analysis (FIA) for sub-nanomolar Cr(VI) in drinking water samples with a liquid core waveguide capillary cell (LWCC). The procedure is based on a highly selective reaction between 1, 5-diphenylcarbazide and Cr(VI) under acidic conditions. The optimized experimental parameters included reagent concentrations, injection volume, length of mixing coil, and flow rate. Measurements at 540 nm, and a 650-nm reference wavelength, produced a 0.12-nM detection limit. Relative standard deviations for 1, 2, and 10 nM samples were 5.6, 3.6, and 0.72 % (n?=?9), and the analysis time was <2 min sample?1. The effects of salinity and interfering ions, especially Fe(III), were evaluated. Using the FIA-LWCC method, different sources of bottled waters and tap waters were examined. The Cr(VI) concentrations of the bottled waters ranged from the detection limit to ~20 nM, and tap waters collected from the same community supply had Cr(VI) concentration around 14 nM. 相似文献
960.
Yu Wan Xiaohong Ruan Xinguang Wang Qian Ma Xiaoming Lu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6061-6081
The odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing were investigated and analysed. Eight odorous compounds (ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon disulphide (CS2), nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2), aniline (C6H5NH2), dimethylamine (C2H7N), and formaldehyde (HCHO)) were measured in odour emission samples collected using a custom-made emission flux hood chamber. The results showed that all odorants were detected in all monitoring rivers. NH3 was the main odorant, with emission rates ranging from 4.86 to 15.13 μg/min m2. The total odour emission rate of the Nan River, at 1 427.07 OU/s, was the highest of the all investigated rivers. H2S, NH3 and nitrobenzene were three key odour emission contributors according to their contributions to the total odour emission. A correlation analysis of the pollutants showed there was a significant positive correlation between the emission rate of NH3 and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The H2S and SO2 emission rates had a significant positive correlation with sulphides (S2?) and available sulphur (AS) in the water and sediment. The content of TN, NH4 +-N, S2? and AS in the water and sediment affected the concentration of H2S, SO2 and NH3 in the emission gases. NH4 +-N, S2? and AS are suggested as the key odour control indexes for reducing odours emitted from these recreational rivers. The study provides useful information for effective pollution control, especially for odour emission control for the recreational rivers of the city. It also provides a demonstrate example to show how to monitor and assess a contaminated river when odour emission and its control need to be focused on. 相似文献