广西台风灾害性大风的气候特征

通过对40年广西台风大风实测资料的研究,分析了台风灾害性大风的时空分布特征,探讨其成因机制,进一步分析了各种灾害强度大风和各灾害地区大风的月分布特征及台风路径的差异性。分析表明:广西台风灾害性大风的气候分布特征为东南多,西北少,是特定的台风流场结构与广西地理地形条件相互作用的结果,并与台风活动路径和中心风力有关。大中范围风灾的高峰值出现在7月,小范围风灾的高峰值出现在8月。桂西南、桂南沿海和桂中地区台风大风主要由1类路径的台风引起,桂东南和桂东地区则受1、2类路径的台风影响。40年内共有238个台风影响广西,其中148个造成大风,造成大风的台风中约10.8%造成15站以上大范围风灾。值得注意的是,造成大范围风灾的均为进入北部湾北部海面的强台风。     

Numerical study on the initial expansion of two-phase cloud from an instantaneous release

In industries some dangerous liquefied gases may accidentally release and it may form a flammable or toxic mixture after mixing with air. One tool that is being developed in industry for two-phase cloud dispersion modeling is computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In this paper, the dispersion processes of different dangerous materials including liquefied chlorine, liquefied ammonia and liquefied petroleum gas were simulated in the same condition to analyze the characteristics of the initial expansion processes by CFD tool. The heat and mass transfer between droplets and the vapor after an instantaneous release event was calculated by using the Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The results from a number of 3-D CFD based studies were compared with the available small-scale experimental results. The results show that the present model and numerical simulation are reliable.     

Variations and its driven factors of anthropogenic nitrogen loads in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000–2019

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the millennium, China has economically taken off with rapid urbanization, and anthropogenic nitrogen emission intensity has undergone remarkable...     

催化臭氧氧化处理对氯苯酚的研究

采用臭氧氧化法处理对氯苯酚溶液,研究了pH、温度、气体流量和对氯苯酚初始浓度等因素对处理效果的影响.反应体系pH越高,越有利于氧化反应.用自制的载有Fe,Co,Mn氧化物的活性炭纤维(ACF)催化剂进行催化臭氧氧化对氯苯酚的实验.结果表明,Fe/ACF显示了较好的催化性能和活性.通过在反应体系中加入一定量的羟基自由基猝灭剂,初步探讨了其催化机理,即催化剂和臭氧反应生成了氧化性极强的羟基自由基.     

P-SBR工艺侧流释磷效果恶化探究

将侧流释磷技术应用到低碳源污水生物处理中,能有效缓解或者消除生物除磷与脱氮之间的竞争与矛盾,维持系统的稳定.但在本系统研究中发现当外碳源(HAc)质量浓度超过350mg/L时(以COD计),出现强化释磷恶化甚至系统崩溃的现象.对各种可能因素进行分析,得出在释磷一运行周期内加入过量碳源,聚磷菌体内的糖原耗尽,释磷停止;长期加入过量碳源,聚磷菌淘汰,系统崩溃.     

吉林省农村生态环境污染现状分析及治理措施

随着农村经济的不断发展,农村环境污染日趋严重。虽然吉林省在农村环境污染防治和生态保护方面取得了一是酌成效,但农村环保工作仍然十分薄弱。基于吉林省农村环境存在的共性问题和污染成因分析,提出了“切实保护农村饮用水源地,加强村庄生活污染治理力度,畜禽养殖污染治理,工矿企业污染治理,农业面源污染治理”等五方面治理措施,有利于促进全省农村环境的有效改善。     

川西亚高山3种典型森林土壤氮矿化特征

采用室内培养法对川西亚高山3个典型森林群落(天然林、云杉人工林和桦木次生林)有机层和矿质层土壤铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)积累量及净氮矿化速率进行测定.结果表明:培养4周后,天然林、云杉人工林和桦木次生林土壤有机层铵态氮含量分别增加356.85%、258.33%和176.81%,硝态氮含量分别增加872.92%、326.25%和120.32%,净氨化速率、净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率总体表现为天然林桦木次生林云杉人工林.方差分析表明,森林类型和土壤层次及其交互作用对土壤无机氮积累量和矿化速率均有显著影响.土壤净氮矿化速率和土壤初始化学性质之间存在显著相关关系.综上所述,森林转化显著影响川西亚高山森林土壤氮矿化潜力,主要体现在土壤有机层;川西亚高山土壤净氮矿化速率在很大程度上受控于底物数量和质量.     

Tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities retrieved from ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements at Shangdianzi regional atmospheric background station in China

Ground-basedMulti-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)measurements were performed at Shangdianzi(SDZ)regional atmospheric background station in northern China from March 2009 to February 2011.The tropospheric NO_2vertical column densities(VCDs)were retrieved to investigate the background condition of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei developed economic circle in China.The seasonal variation of mean NO_2tropospheric VCDs(VCD_(Trop))at SDZ is apparent,with the maximum(1.3×10~(16)molec/cm~2)in February and the minimum(3.5×10~(15)molec/cm~2)in August,much lower than those observed at the Beijing city center.The average daytime diurnal variations of NO_2VCD_(Trop )are rather consistent for all four seasons,presenting the minimum at noon and the higher values in the morning and evening.The largest and lowest amplitudes of NO_2VCD_(Trop)diurnal variation appear in winter and in summer,respectively.The diurnal pattern at SDZ station is similar to those at other less polluted stations,but distinct from the ones at the urban or polluted stations.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs at SDZ are strongly dependent on the wind,with the higher values being associated with the pollution plumes from Beijing city.Tropospheric NO_2VCDs derived from ground-based MAX-DOAS at SDZ show to be well correlated with corresponding OMI(Ozone Monitoring Instrument)satellite products with a correlation coefficient R=0.88.However,the OMI observations are on average higher than MAX-DOAS NO_2VCDs by a factor of 28%,probably due to the OMI grid cell partly covering the south of SDZ which is influenced more by the pollution plumes from the urban areas.     

Recycling of aged refuse from a closed landfill.

In this study, refuse excavated from a typical refuse landfill in Shanghai after 8-10 years of placement was characterized in terms of particle size, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and biodegradable matter. The refuse contained a large and diverse population of micro-organisms with a high capacity for decomposing refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters, including leachate. It was found that the aged refuse was quite stable after about a decade of decomposition in the warm, humid climate of southern China. The fine fractions resembled and had the properties of black soil, a medium that is suitable for green construction, organic fertilizer, or as bioreactor media for biological treatment of organic wastewaters. Excavation of the aged refuse would make about 50% of the space available for fresh refuse. The plastics, glass, textiles, and cans can be readily mechanically separated and recycled after cleaning. It is estimated that at least 200 millions tonnes of such aged refuse are available in China alone, and at least 10 times that much is buried worldwide. Hence, the evaluation of mined landfill waste and consideration of its potential uses is of great significance.     

Removal of high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soil by biodiesel

Solubilizing experiments were carried out to evaluate the ability of biodiesel to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from highly contaminated manufactured gas plant (MGP) and PAHs spiked soils with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and tween 80 as comparisons. Biodiesel displayed the highest solubilities of phenanthrene (420.7 mg·L⁻¹), pyrene (541.0 mg·L⁻¹), and benzo(a)pyrene (436.3 mg·L⁻¹). These corresponded to several fold increases relative to 10% HPCD and tween 80. Biodiesel showed a good efficiency for PAH removal from the spiked and MGP soils for both low molecular weight and high molecular weight PAHs at high concentrations. Biodiesel was the best agent for PAH removal from the spiked soils as compared with HPCD and tween 80; as over 77.9% of individual PAH were removed by biodiesel. Tween 80 also showed comparable capability with biodiesel for PAH solubilization at a concentration of 10% for the spiked soils. Biodiesel solubilized a wider range of PAHs as compared to HPCD and tween 80 for the MPG soils. At PAH concentrations of 229.6 and 996.9 mg·kg⁻¹, biodiesel showed obvious advantage over the 10% HPCD and tween 80, because it removed higher than 80% of total PAH. In this study, a significant difference between PAH removals from the spiked and field MGP soils was observed; PAH removals from the MGP soil by HPCD and tween 80 were much lower than those from the spiked soil. These results demonstrate that the potential for utilizing biodiesel for remediation of highly PAH-contaminated soil has been established.