地震液化引起地面侧向大变形研究评述

本文对地震液化引起的地面侧向大变形国内外研究现状从试验研究与分析计算方法两方面进行评述,探讨了液化侧向变形需要进一步研究的一些问题。     

磷水平对不同耐低磷玉米基因型幼苗生长和养分吸收的影响

选取2个耐低磷玉米基因型M08和M11及1个低磷敏感基因型M05为材料,采用营养液培养,研究低磷和正常磷条件下不同基因型玉米苗期生长状况及对磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌的吸收情况.结果表明,耐低磷基因型适应低磷的能力较强,它们具有较长的根系和较大的根干重,其株高受低磷的影响明显小于敏感基因型M05.低磷胁迫增大了植株的根冠比,改变了植株对营养元素的吸收及其在地上部和根系的分配.磷敏感基因型M05吸收磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锌的量随供磷水平的下降而减少,并且吸收各元素的量受磷水平变化的影响显著较2个耐低磷基因型大.图1表2参24     

Mercury source zone identification using soil vapor sampling and analysis

Development and demonstration of reliable measurement techniques that can detect and help quantify the nature and extent of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) in the subsurface are needed to reduce uncertainties in the decision-making process and increase the effectiveness of remedial actions. We conducted field tests at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, to determine if sampling and analysis of Hg(0) vapors in the shallow subsurface (<0.3 m depth) can be used to as an indicator of the location and extent of Hg(0) releases in the subsurface. We constructed a rigid polyvinyl chloride push probe assembly, which was driven into the ground. Soil gas samples were collected through a sealed inner tube of the assembly and were analyzed immediately in the field with a Lumex and/or Jerome Hg(0) analyzer. Time-series sampling showed that Hg vapor concentrations were fairly stable over time, suggesting that the vapor phase Hg(0) was not being depleted and that sampling results were not sensitive to the soil gas purge volume. Hg(0) vapor data collected at over 200 push probe locations at 3 different release sites correlated very well to areas of known Hg(0) contamination. Vertical profiling of Hg(0) vapor concentrations conducted at two locations provided information on the vertical distribution of Hg(0) contamination in the subsurface. We conclude from our studies that soil gas sampling and analysis can be conducted rapidly and inexpensively at large scales to help identify areas contaminated with Hg(0).     

脱硅-酸析联用预处理芦苇浆造纸黑液的研究

采用脱硅—酸析联用技术预处理芦苇浆造纸黑液,考察了不同条件下的脱硅、酸析效果.结果表明,最佳脱硅条件为Ca(OH)2/SiO2(摩尔比)为6,65℃恒温振荡60 min.此时,黑液中SiO2质量浓度可由6.68 g/L降至0.12 g/L,脱硅率高达98.20％.最佳酸析条件为pH 0.5,25℃反应30 min,然后...     

An alkaline phosphatase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 of new application in biodegradation of five broad-spectrum organophosphorus pesticides

In recent decades, biodegradation has been considered a promising and eco-friendly way to eliminate organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) from the environment. To enrich current biodegrading-enzyme resources, an alkaline phosphatase (AP3) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens YP6 was characterized and utilized to test the potential for new applications in the biodegradation of five broad-spectrum OPs. Characterization of AP3 demonstrated that activity was optimal at 40?°C and pH 10.3. The activity of AP3 was enhanced by Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Cu²⁺, and strongly inhibited by Mn²⁺, EDTA, and L-Cys. Compared to disodium phenyl phosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) was more suitable to AP3, and the V_m, K_m, k_cat, k_cat/K_m values of AP3 for pNPP were 4,033?U mg^?1, 12.2?mmol L^?1, 3.3?×?10⁶ s^?1, and 2.7?×?10⁸ s^?1mol^?1L, respectively. Degradation of the five OPs, which included chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, dipterex, phoxim, and triazophos, was 18.7%, 53.0%, 5.5%, 68.3%, and 96.3%, respectively, after treatment with AP3 for 1?h. After treatment of the OP for 8?h, AP3 activities remained more than 80%, with the exception of phoxim. It can be postulated that AP3 may have a broad OP-degradation ability and could possibly provide excellent potential for biodegradation and bioremediation in polluted ecosystems.     

清洁生产思维下的环境影响评价程序

我国的项目环境影响评价是在建设项目的可行性研究阶段进行的,评价的重点放在污染防治设施的规模、资金和性能上,提出的治理措施是通过“三同时”制度保证实施。很明显,项目环境影响评价制度追求的是“末端治理”设施的功效是否得以实现,污染物是否达标排放,而忽视了主体生产工程本身的环保措施及生产过程中消减污染物的潜力和机会,即清洁生产的机会。基于项目环境影响评价的上述不足,阐述了清洁生产的概念及实施意义,分析了清洁生产观念对环境影响评价的影响,即对建设项目的环境影响评价应扩大到项目的立项到实施全过程,对产品设计、原材料选用、工艺设计、技术选择和能源消耗等等方面进行清洁生产审计,发现潜在的清洁生产机会并提出相应的清洁生产措施,同时通过“三同时”制度建立了清洁生产思维下的环境影响评价程序,发展了立足于清洁生产审计的环境影响评价方法。     

污染源自动监控系统建设与应用体验

文章介绍了包头市国控重点污染源自动监控系统详细构成、系统功能,总结了项目建设和应用中的三条重要经验：规范标准。制定先进实用的技术方案,按照“四统一”原则,引导污染源自动监控系统建设;确立自动监控的管理地位,达成对污染源自动监控系统作用的共识;建设合格的污染源自动监控系统的运营队伍,实现第三方运营机构负责运营工作。     

一株降解纤维素梭形芽胞杆菌的筛选与鉴定

从肥沃的土壤中经过分离获得14株降解纤维素的细菌,以菌株在纤维素刚果红平板中溶菌圈直径与菌落直径的比值为依据进行筛选,获得一株比值为4.5的菌株,编号为X62。采用DNS法对影响该菌产生纤维素酶活力的单因素进行了分析,并通过对其进行形态特征、生理生化特征测定以及16S rDNA序列分析,确定X62为梭形芽胞杆菌（Lysinibacillus fusiformis）,将其命名为Lysinibacillus fusiformis X62。X62的16S rRNA序列GenBank登录号为JX198550。     

废水处理的研究与进展

在废水处理中．活性污泥因为有复杂的微生物群落栖息其上而表现出与其它无机吸附剂不同的吸附特性。这些微生物种群随着具体工艺的不同而存在着差异。污泥吸附的主要优点是:吸附过程中不产生污染、可选择性强、去除效率高、运行简单。是低浓度废水进行预处理的有效方法。