磷铝协同作用对玉米苗期生物学性状和营养学特性的影响

采用盆栽试验系统研究了不同酸、磷处理下玉米自交系苗期生物学及营养学特性.结果表明,低磷和酸铝严重抑制玉米植株的生长,低磷胁迫下植株干重受影响较大,酸铝对下部叶叶色和干重影响显著.低磷处理抑制玉米植株对K、Ca的吸收,酸铝胁迫使各自交系P、K、Ca、Mg含量显著下降,加磷可缓解酸铝对玉米生长的毒害作用.不同自交系之间存在耐低磷和耐酸铝基因型差异,并且耐低磷和耐酸铝之间存在一定的关系.自交系M12属于酸铝低磷双敏感类型;耐酸铝自交系,如M02和M08同样耐低磷,耐低磷自交系M01也较耐酸铝,为双耐基因型.表5参15     

湖南蔡家塘森林小流域氮和硫的输入输出特征

以湖南韶山蔡家塘小流域2001～2003年的监测数据为基础,对森林在酸沉降作用下无机氮(NH 4,NO-3)和硫输入、输出的月均通量进行了研究.结果表明,总氮的年输入通量为24～28 kg·hm-2·a-1,主要以NH 4形式(占总输入氮的62%～67%)输入该森林生态系统;年氮输出通量为2～3kg·hm-2·a-1,主要以NO-3形式(占总输出N的83%～98%)输出该森林生态系统.韶山森林年无机氮的滞留量达到22～26kg·hm-2·a-1,其中NH 4占到总氮净截留量的68%～72%.硫的截留量为13～21 kg·hm-2·a-1.高氮沉降导致了一部分氮的输出,但是输出氮仅占到输入氮的8%～9%.有超过90%的氮被生态系统截留.由此可以推断,韶山森林尽管有高氮输入,但是生态系统远没有达到氮饱和状态.     

斜生栅藻的无菌化培养及其在原油降解中的应用研究

选用组合抗生素结合溶菌酶/SDS预处理方法对斜生栅藻进行无菌化培养,对不同抗生素组合的除菌效果进行了比较。青霉素+庆大霉素对斜生栅藻和附生菌都有强烈的抑制性能,而青霉素+利福平和青霉素+四环素组合除菌不彻底。青霉素+卡那霉素组合能彻底除去附生菌并且对藻的抑制作用最小,可得到无菌斜生栅藻。将斜生栅藻与石油组分降解菌构建菌藻共生体系,未除菌藻的附生菌与石油组分菌之间不能很好地相互适应,使得原油降解效果反而降低。纯栅藻则对石油降解菌表现出非常良好的促进作用,利用除菌后的斜生栅藻与石油组分降解菌构建了一个高效降解原油的菌藻共生体系,充分肯定了微藻无菌化培养的积极意义。     

漆酶对活性艳蓝染料废水脱色

用白腐真菌漆酶对活性艳蓝X-BR和活性艳蓝K-NR 2种活性染料进行脱色实验。研究了pH、温度、染料浓度和酶活力对脱色率的影响。结果表明,漆酶脱色的适宜条件为:反应温度45℃,pH 6～7,适宜染料浓度为50 mg/L,酶浓度5 U/mL,反应1 h两种染料脱色率可达到75%;通过正交实验确定2种染料的最佳脱色组合分别为:反应温度55℃、pH7、活性艳蓝X-BR浓度50 mg/L、酶浓度5 U/mL和反应温度55℃、pH 6、活性艳蓝K-NR浓度50 mg/L、酶浓度5 U/mL。在所得最优条件下反应1 h,活性艳蓝X-BR和活性艳蓝K-NR的脱色率分别为74.2%和78.6%;反应2 h,脱色率分别为78%和79.5%。     

Leucobacter spp.菌株Ch1还原高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

利用一株新分离Cr(Ⅵ)还原菌Leucobacter spp. Ch1进行高浓度Cr(Ⅵ)还原的研究.发现生长于Luria Broth培养基中的Leucobacter spp. Ch1最大能还原1800mg/LCr(Ⅵ),而休眠Leucobacter spp. Ch1细胞悬液可以完全还原2100mg/L Cr(Ⅵ).扫描电镜观察到还原cr(Ⅵ)后的细菌末端黏附大团反应产物,电子顺磁共振分析确定产物的成分为Cr(Ⅲ).在分批加Cr(Ⅵ)还原实验中,休眠Leucobacter spp. Ch1细胞悬液在1060min内还原了2368mg/L Cr(Ⅵ),重新加入的乳酸钠可以再次启动Cr(Ⅵ)的生物还原.结果表明,乳酸钠的存在是Leucobacter spp. Ch1还原Cr(Ⅵ)的必要条件,推测该物质在反应中起电子供体的作用.     

Control of metal toxicity, effluent COD and regeneration of gel beads by immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria

Over the last few decades, the use of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the treatment of heavy-metal containing wastewaters including acid mine drainage has become a topic of scientific and commercial interest. However, technical difficulties such as the sensitivity of SRB to toxic metals and high effluent COD limit the widespread use of SRB in high heavy-metal containing wastewater. The aim of this study was to clarify the reasons why the immobilized SRB sludge with inner cohesive carbon source (ISIS) process can endure high metal toxicity and decrease effluent COD. The ISIS process can physically set apart SRB and free the system of external influences such as the surrounding toxic metallic ions, as well as form inner carbon sources to avoid high effluent COD. Metal toxicity and bead durability are the two major factors which influence the regeneration and reuse of gel beads. Reuse of suspended SRB sludge and beads crosslinked with boric acid were unsuccessful due to metal toxicity and agglomeration of beads, respectively. However, beads crosslinked with ammonium sulfate prevented agglomeration of beads allowing successful bead regeneration and reuse. The result of four cyclic trials showed that over 99% of zinc was removed in each trial using these beads.     

Techno-economic evaluation of biogas upgrading process using CO2 facilitated transport membrane

The biogas upgrading by membrane separation process using a highly efficient CO₂-selective polyvinylamine/polyvinylalcohol (PVAm/PVA) blend membrane was investigated by experimental study and simulation with respect to process design, operation optimization and economic evaluation. This blend membrane takes advantages of the unique CO₂ facilitated transport from PVAm and the robust mechanical properties from PVA, exhibits both high CO₂/CH₄ separation efficiency and very good stability. CO₂ transports through the water swollen membrane matrix in the form of bicarbonate. CO₂/CH₄ selectivity up to 40 and CO₂ permeance up to 0.55 m³(STP)/m² h bar at 2 bar were documented in lab with synthesized biogas (35% CO₂ and 65% CH₄). Membrane performances at varying feed pressures were recorded and used as the simulation basis in this work. The process simulation of an on-farm scale biogas upgrading plant (1000 Nm³/h) was conducted. Processes with four different membrane module configurations with or without recycle were evaluated technically and economically, and the 2-stage in cascade with recycle configuration was proven optimal among the four processes. The sensitivity of the process to various operation parameters was analyzed and the operation conditions were optimized.     

Backward and forward multilevel indicators for identifying key sectors of China’s intersectoral CO2 transfer network

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Many countries face a dilemma of economic growth and carbon emission mitigation, which is highly associated with energy consumption. In order to...     

Antimony transformation and mobilization from stibnite by an antimonite oxidizing bacterium Bosea sp. AS-1

Soils and waters are heavily contaminated by antimony in Xikuangshan（XKS） mine area.It is widely accepted that oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals and aqueous dissolution are the most prevalent geochemical mechanisms for the release of Sb to the environment.Bosea sp. AS-1 is an antimonite-oxidizer isolated from the mine slag in Xikuangshan Sb mine. Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of multiple sulfur-oxidizing genes,antimony（Sb） metabolism genes and carbon fixation genes in AS-...     

Systematic control technologies for gaseous pollutants from non-ferrous metallurgy

Air pollutant emissions represent a critical challenge in the green development of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.This work studied the emission characteristics,formation mechanisms,phase transformation and separation of typical air pollutants,such as heavy metal particles,mercury,sulfur oxides and fluoride,during non-ferrous smelting.A series of purification technologies,including optimization of the furnace throat and hightemperature discharge,were developed to collaboratively control and...