厌氧颗粒污泥对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能研究

以厌氧颗粒污泥为生物吸附剂,研究了Cu2+吸附过程的动力学和热力学、污泥投加量和pH值对吸附效果的影响。结果表明:厌氧颗粒污泥对Cu2+的吸附过程为吸热、熵增的自发过程,可用伪二级反应动力学模型和Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程进行拟合;溶液温度为35℃、pH值为5时吸附效果最好。     

Potential health risk of arsenic and cadmium in groundwater near Xiangjiang River, China: a case study for risk assessment and management of toxic substances

As part of our efforts to find effective methods to the drinking water risk management, the health risk assessment of arsenic and cadmium in groundwater near Xiangjiang River was analyzed. The results suggest that although the arsenic and cadmium concentrations in 97% of groundwater sources are less than the requirement of Water Quality Standards for Drinking Water (GB5749-2006) in China, the residents served by almost all of the investigated centralized drinking water sources have a significant potential health risk by consumption, especially cancer risk. It is justified through analyses that risk assessment is an effective tool for risk management, and the maximum permissible concentration of arsenic and cadmium in drinking water (0.01 and 0.005?mg L^-1, respectively) is suitable for China at present, considering the current economic status of China. Risk managers develop cleanup standards designed to protect against all possible adverse effects, which should take into account highly exposed individuals, effects of mixtures of toxic substances, attendant uncertainties, and other factors such as site-specific (or generic) criteria, technical feasibility, cost?Cbenefit analyses, and sociopolitical concerns.     

The electrochemical selective reduction of NO using CoSe2@CNTs hybrid

Converting the NO from gaseous pollutant into NH₄ ⁺ through electrocatalytical reduction using cost-effective materials holds great promise for pollutant purifying and resources recycling. In this work, we developed a highly selective and stable catalyst CoSe₂ nanoparticle hybridized with carbon nanotubes (CoSe₂@CNTs). The CoSe₂@CNTs hybrid catalysts performed an extraordinary high selectivity for NH₄ ⁺ formation in NO electroreduction with minimal N₂O production and H₂ evolution. The specific spatial structure of CoSe₂ is conductive to the predominant formation of N-H bond between the N from adsorbed NO and H and inhibition of N-N formation from adjacent adsorbed NO. It was also the first time to convert the coordinated NO into NH₄ ⁺ using non-noble metal catalysis. Moreover, the original concept of employing CoSe₂ as eletrocatalyst for NO hydrogenation presented in this work can broaden horizons and provide new dimensions in the design of new highly efficient catalysts for NH₄ ⁺ synthesis in aqueous solution.

     

清洁生产思维下的环境影响评价程序

我国的项目环境影响评价是在建设项目的可行性研究阶段进行的,评价的重点放在污染防治设施的规模、资金和性能上,提出的治理措施是通过“三同时”制度保证实施。很明显,项目环境影响评价制度追求的是“末端治理”设施的功效是否得以实现,污染物是否达标排放,而忽视了主体生产工程本身的环保措施及生产过程中消减污染物的潜力和机会,即清洁生产的机会。基于项目环境影响评价的上述不足,阐述了清洁生产的概念及实施意义,分析了清洁生产观念对环境影响评价的影响,即对建设项目的环境影响评价应扩大到项目的立项到实施全过程,对产品设计、原材料选用、工艺设计、技术选择和能源消耗等等方面进行清洁生产审计,发现潜在的清洁生产机会并提出相应的清洁生产措施,同时通过“三同时”制度建立了清洁生产思维下的环境影响评价程序,发展了立足于清洁生产审计的环境影响评价方法。     

地理信息系统在环境影响评价中的应用

从项目环境影响评价（EIA）的局限性出发，简述了目前EIA的研究现状，同时概述了地理信息系统（GIS）的功能和应用，重点讨论了环境影响评价领域中应用地理信息系统的现状、必要性及其展望。     

电解铝清洁生产评价及其管理系统的开发研究

通过研究电解铝清洁生产评价指标体系及其评价方法,分析了电解铝清洁生产评价工作的特点和存在的问题,开发了电解铝清洁生产评价管理系统.系统的功能结构主要包括系统管理、清洁生产评价指标管理、参评企业信息管理、清洁生产评价四个部分.通过实际运行,本系统可以对电解铝清洁生产评价指标的信息进行查询、修改和更新,能够对企业进行清洁生产评价,是有关部门和电解铝生产企业开展清洁生产评价的有效工具,能有力推动电解铝行业清洁生产的发展.     

硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)污泥固定化技术污泥选择的研究

以某污水厂的氧化沟污泥和剩余污泥为培养对象,获得了SRB占优的厌氧污泥,分析了活性污泥厌氧驯化过程中微生物的分布规律,考察了不同种类SRB污泥固定化小球处理水中硫酸根、锌及镉的效果.结果表明:pH6.0～7.0,温度35℃,硫酸盐浓度4g/L,时间在24h时,剩余污泥固定化小球处理含Zn(II)400mg/L的废水,去除率达到100%,氧化沟污泥固定化小球Zn(II)的去除率为90%左右;对500mg/L含镉废水,剩余污泥固定化小球8h能去除水中95?(II),氧化沟污泥固定化小球对Cd(II)的去除率为80%.硫酸盐还原菌污泥固定化技术中剩余污泥优于氧化沟污泥.     

草浆黑液碱回收方法的研究

研究了 2种不同的碱回收方法—隔膜电解法和物理化学法回收草浆黑液中残碱的可行性及处理效果 ,并进行了回收碱液蒸煮纸浆的实验。实验结果表明 ,两种回收方法均具有较高的碱回收率—分别达到 94%和 6 0 %以上 ,所制纸浆与原液浆比较性能也无明显差异 ,且 2种方法均有操作简便、设备一次性投资少、处理黑液效果较好等特点 ,为中小型造纸厂解决黑液污染问题提供了新的技术思路     

污染源自动监控系统建设与应用体验

文章介绍了包头市国控重点污染源自动监控系统详细构成、系统功能,总结了项目建设和应用中的三条重要经验：规范标准。制定先进实用的技术方案,按照“四统一”原则,引导污染源自动监控系统建设;确立自动监控的管理地位,达成对污染源自动监控系统作用的共识;建设合格的污染源自动监控系统的运营队伍,实现第三方运营机构负责运营工作。