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排序方式: 共有136条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
A study of air pollutants and acute asthma exacerbations in urban areas: status report 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A study to try to better understand the interactions between various air contaminants and acute asthma exacerbations is described. The study evaluates temporal associations between a panel of air contaminants and acute asthmatic exacerbations as measured by emergency room visits for asthma in communities in the Bronx and Manhattan in New York City (NYC). In addition, ambient levels of various air pollutants in two NYC communities are being compared. Almost 2 years of daily data have been collected for most of the air contaminants to be investigated. The air contaminants measured include gaseous compounds (ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes, nitrous acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and ammonia), particulate matter components (metals, elemental and organic carbon, sulfate, hydrogen ion, pollen, mold spores and particle mass and number). 相似文献
22.
Changes in functional structure of soil bacterial communities due to fungicide and insecticide applications in canola 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Newton Z. Lupwayi K. Neil Harker Lloyd M. Dosdall T. Kelly Turkington Robert E. Blackshaw John T. ODonovan Hctor A. Crcamo Jennifer K. Otani George W. Clayton 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,130(3-4):109-114
The fungicide vinclozolin and insecticide λ-cyhalothrin are widely used to control canola (Brassica spp.) diseases and insect pests, respectively, in Canada. We investigated non-target effects of these pesticides, applied at recommended rates, on soil microbial biomass, functional bacterial diversity and functional community structure of soil bacteria (by evaluating patterns of C substrate utilization) in canola rhizosphere and bulk soil at three locations in Alberta from 2002 to 2004. Experimental treatments were (a) untreated control, (b) vinclozolin fungicide foliar application, (c) λ-cyhalothrin insecticide foliar application, and (d) vinclozolin and λ-cyhalothrin applications. No significant pesticide effects on soil microbial biomass or functional bacterial diversity were observed, but the functional structures of soil bacteria were altered. In 1 of 12 cases, the control treatment had a different soil bacterial community structure from the 3 pesticide treatments. The fungicide treatment had different bacterial community structures from the control or insecticide treatments in 3 of 12 cases, the insecticide treatment had different community structures from the control or fungicide treatments in 4 of 12 cases, and the combined fungicide and insecticide treatment had different community structures from the other treatments in 3 of 12 cases. Therefore, evaluating soil bacterial functional structures revealed pesticide effects that were not detected when bacterial diversity or microbial biomass were measured in canola rhizosphere or bulk soil. 相似文献
23.
24.
Abstract An international concern with climate change has prompted a political commitment to the use of renewable energies. Yet, the operationalization and management of this political objective may be frustrated at the local level, where, it is suggested, an implementation impasse exists. This paper reports on a case study that examines the planning issues around the harvesting of wind at an urban brownfield site in Scotland. The paper discusses the nature of the state–market–civil relations involved in the development management of private wind-energy infrastructure, and the potential for a positive mediating role for the planning system. 相似文献
25.
Endale DM Fisher DS Owens LB Jenkins MB Schomberg HH Tebes-Stevens CL Bonta JV 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(3):969-979
Approximately 11% of the Southern Piedmont (1.8 million ha) is used for pasture and hay production, mostly under low-input management. Few studies have investigated in the region long-term nitrogen and carbon losses in surface runoff, which can be significant. We present 1999 to 2009 hydrologic and water quality data from a rotationally grazed, 7.8-ha, zero-order pasture (W1) near Watkinsville in the Georgia Piedmont. Annual rainfall was 176 to 463 mm below the long-term average (1240 mm) in 7 of the 11 yr. There were 20 runoff events during 86 mo of below-average rainfall (deficit period), compared with 54 events during 46 mo of nondeficit period. Mean event flow-weighted concentration (in mg L) was 0.96 for nitrate-nitrogen (NO-N), 0.97 for ammonium-nitrogen (NH-N), 3.70 for total nitrogen (TN), and 9.12 for total organic carbon (TOC) ( = 43-47; limited due to instrument problem). Nutrient loads (in kg ha per event) averaged 0.04 for NO-N, 0.03 for NH-N, 0.19 for TN, and 0.54 for TOC. Total loads for N and TOC were 6 to 11 times greater from nondeficit than from deficit periods. The observed N concentrations, while well below maximum drinking water standard limits, could pose risk for eutrophication, which can be stimulated at lower concentrations. However, the ability of headwater streams, such as the one downstream of W1, to reduce nutrient concentrations might partially alleviate this concern. The results of this study point to the need to use a long-term dataset that includes measurements made in drought and wet years when evaluating the efficacy of water quality standards. 相似文献
26.
27.
Patrick M. Palmer Lloyd R. Wilson Ann C. Casey Robert E. Wagner 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):487-499
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in raw and finished drinking water at seven Public Water Systems (PWSs) along the Hudson River as part of a baseline monitoring program prior to the extensive sediment dredging of the Upper Hudson River. Water samples were either analyzed using an Aroclor method (based on USEPA Method 508) or a congener method (Modified Green Bay Mass Balance Method). Using the congener-based method, raw water concentrations ranged from <9.3 to 164.3 ng/L and finished water concentrations ranged from <9.3 to 186.6 ng/L. Using the Aroclor method, finished water concentrations ranged from <5.0 to 200.9 ng/L. Most finished water samples above 73.0 ng/L were from a PWS with wells drilled near the river. Excluding the well data, total PCB concentrations in raw water at systems in the Upper River were similar to concentrations at systems in the Lower River, though the congener patterns differed. Paired comparison of total PCB concentrations using the two analytical methods showed good agreement, although raw water showed a different relationship than finished water. 相似文献
28.
Most marine benthic macroinvertebrate species reproduce via a larval phase but attempts to explain the occurrence of different
larval strategies (feeding or non-feeding, pelagic or benthic) in different habitats have been largely inconclusive. There
have been very few year-round surveys of meroplankton at any latitude and in consequence fundamental data on the diversity,
abundance, and timings of larval life history phases are lacking. There has been considerable debate regarding the viability
of pelagic larvae in cold waters with highly seasonal primary production but there has been only one year-round study of meroplankton
in the Southern Ocean, and that was outside of the Antarctic Circle. We present data from the first year-round survey of meroplankton
assemblages at a location within the Antarctic Circle. We surveyed abundances of meroplanktonic larvae over 1.5 year at Rothera
Point, West Antarctic Peninsula (67°34′S, 68°07′W). Larvae were collected in monthly diver-towed net samples close to the
seabed at 20 and 6 m total water depths at each of three locations and were identified and counted live immediately after
sampling. A total of 99 operationally defined taxonomic types representing 11 phyla were recorded but this is likely to be
an underestimate of true diversity because of inherent difficulties of identification. Larvae were present in all months of
the year and although planktotrophic larvae were more abundant in summer, both feeding and non-feeding types were present
in all months. Comparisons of seasonal larval abundances with data from a settlement study at the same sites and from the
literature show that larvae of mobile adults settle in summer regardless of developmental type, whereas sessile taxa settle
in all seasons. We suggest that this is a consequence of differences in the food requirements of mobile and sessile fauna
and that the availability of food for post-larval juveniles is more critical for survival than factors affecting the larval
stage itself. 相似文献
29.
Simon Anthony Morley Koh Siang Tan Robert W. Day Stephanie M. Martin Hans-O. Pörtner Lloyd S. Peck 《Marine Biology》2009,156(10):1977-1984
The upper thermal limits for burrowing and survival were compared with micro-habitat temperature for anomalodesmatan clams:
Laternula elliptica (Antarctica, 67°S); Laternula recta, (temperate Australia, 38°S) and Laternula truncata (tropical Singapore, 1°N). Lethal limits (LT50) were higher than burrowing limits (BT50) in L. elliptica (7.5–9.0 and 2.2°C) and L. recta (winter, 32.8–36.8 and 31.1–32.8°C) but the same range for L. truncata (33.0–35.0 and 33.4–34.9°C). L. elliptica and L. truncata had a BT50 0.4 and 2.4–3.9°C, respectively, above their maximum experienced temperature. L. recta, which experience solar heating during midday low tides, had a BT50 0.7–2.4°C below and a range for LT50 that spanned their predicted environmental maximum (33.5°C). L. recta showed no seasonal difference in LT50 or BT50. Our single genus comparisons contrast with macrophysiological studies showing that temperate species cope better with elevated
temperatures.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
30.
Hugh Begg Greg Lloyd David Newlands 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(2):101-105
This article discusses the structure and performance of Work‐Start Ltd., a company located in Dundee and providing training for the unemployed. The company has attracted national and international attention by its innovative approach. Set up to meet the specific problems of peripheral housing estates, it is now responding to rapid changes in the local labour market. 相似文献