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31.
Shih-Fang Lo 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(1):42-54
The Kyoto Protocol marks the beginning of a new global effort to combat climate change. By constructing GDP and CO2 emissions as two counteracting performance criteria on a per capita basis, this paper aims to advance the understanding of performance variation among different Annex groups under pressure from climate change. This differs from the traditional application of evaluation and aims to identify inherent efficiency differences across systems rather than separately based on the potential inefficiency of individual countries. The ‘world frontier’ for Annex Parties consists of three layers: Annex II forms the first layer, EIT and Annex III form the second layer, and Annex IV forms the third layer. The inferior performance observed in other non-Annex II Parties (EIT, Annex III, and Annex IV Parties) or the existence of a multi-frontier structure is due to an inherent system affiliation rather than poor performance on the part of the individual country. Annex IV Parties can be particularly vulnerable to controls on an emission intensity basis. By not only serving as a reference for future allocation schemes, the results can shed light on the function of a flexible reduction mechanism for countries that cooperate based on their common but differentiated responsibilities. 相似文献
32.
Carlos Wing-Hung Lo Plato Kwong-To Yip 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1999,42(3):355-374
Cross-city analysis in environmental regulation within non-democratic political systems is a neglected area. Taking policy convergence and styles of regulation as the focus, this paper has taken an initial step to compare the environmental impact assessment (EIA) regulation in Hong Kong and Shanghai. In this comparative exercise, it is identified that policy convergence occurs more explicitly in policy ideology and policy consequences, whereas divergence takes place in policy content, regulatory process and public consultation. Convergence, however, is only superficial whereas divergence is substantial. Indeed EIA systems of these two jurisdictions have displayed contrasting styles of regulation. The formal EIA system in Shanghai is dominated by the environmental agency, which regulates informal politics in the EIA process within a legal format. The informal EIA system in Hong Kong is co-ordinated by the environmental agency, which seeks active co-operation with the clients in a consultative EIA process in an informal and discretionary manner. What makes the Hong Kong system superior to the Shanghai system is the existence of institutional channels for public consultation. Within a non-democratic political setting, the EIA process in Hong Kong is more transparent and the EIA system is more accountable to the public, whereas the EIA process in Shanghai is lacking in transparency and the EIA system is under tight bureaucratic control. 相似文献
33.
34.
The influence of mariculture on mercury distribution in sediments and fish around Hong Kong and adjacent mainland China waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To study the influence of mariculture on mercury (Hg) speciation and distribution in sediments and cultured fish around Hong Kong and adjacent mainland China waters, sediment samples were collected from six mariculture sites and the corresponding reference sites, 200-300 m away from the mariculture sites. Mariculture activities increased total mercury, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur concentrations in the surface sediments underneath mariculture sites, possibly due to the accumulation of unconsumed fish feed and fish excretion. However, methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations and the ratio of MeHg to THg (% MeHg) in sediments underneath mariculture sites were lower than the corresponding reference sites. The % MeHg in sediments was negatively correlated (r = −0.579, p < 0.05) with organic matter (OM) content among all sites, indicating that OM may have inhibited Hg methylation in surface sediments. Three mariculture fish species were collected from each mariculture site, including red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii). The average MeHg concentration in fish muscle was 75 μg kg−1 (wet weight), and the dietary intake of MeHg through fish consumption for Hong Kong residents was 0.37 μg kg−1 week−1, which was lower than the corresponding WHO limits (500 μg kg−1 and 1.6 μg kg−1 week−1). 相似文献
35.
Fang Guor-Cheng Chen Yu-Cheng Lo Chaur-Tsuen Cho Meng-Hsien Zhuang Yuan-Jie Tsai Kai-Hsiang Huang Chao-Yang Xiao You-Fu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):461-472
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The concentrations of particulates and metallic elements that were bound to total suspended particulates in ambient air at Long Cyuan Elementary School... 相似文献
36.
Column experiments were conducted for examining the effectiveness of the cationic hydrogel on Cr(VI) removal from groundwater and soil. For in-situ groundwater remediation, the effects of background anions, humic acid (HA) and pH were studied. Cr(VI) has a higher preference for being adsorbed onto the cationic hydrogel than sulphate, bicarbonate ions and HA. However, the adsorbed HA reduced the Cr(VI) removal capacity of the cationic hydrogel, especially after regeneration of the adsorbents, probably due to the blockage of adsorption sites. The Cr(VI) removal was slightly influenced by the groundwater pH that could be attributed to Cr(VI) speciation. The 6-cycle regeneration and reusability study shows that the effectiveness of the cationic hydrogel remained almost unchanged. On average, 93% of the adsorbed Cr(VI) was recovered in each cycle and concentrated Cr(VI) solution was obtained after regeneration. For in-situ soil remediation, the flushing water pH had an insignificant effect on the release of Cr(VI) from the soils. Multiple-pulse flushing increased the removal of Cr(VI) from the soils. In contrast, more flushing water and longer operation may be required to achieve the same removal level by continuous flushing. 相似文献
37.
Kwang V. Lo Winnie W. I. Chan Selina K. Yawson Ping H. Liao 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):362-367
This study investigated the treatment of dairy manure using the microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP) at pH 2. An experimental design was developed based on a statistical program using response surface methodology to explore the effects of temperature, hydrogen peroxide dosage and heating time on sugar production, nutrient release and solids destruction. Temperature, hydrogen peroxide dosage and acid concentration were key factors affecting reducing sugar production. The highest reducing sugar yield of 7.4% was obtained at 160°C, 0 mL, 15 min heating time, and no H2O2 addition. Temperature was a dominant factor for an increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the treated dairy manure. The important factors for volatile fatty acids (VFA) production were microwave temperature and hydrogen peroxide dosage. Temperature was the most important parameter, and heating time, to a lesser extent affecting orthophosphate release. Heating time, hydrogen peroxide dosage and temperature were significant factors for ammonia release. There was a maximum of 96% and 196% increase in orthophosphate and ammonia concentration, respectively at 160°C, 0.5 mL H2O2 and 15 min heating time. The MW-AOP is an effective method in dairy manure treatment for sugar production, nutrient solubilisation, and solids disintegration. 相似文献
38.
R. Ciccoli V. Cigolotti R. Lo Presti E. Massi S.J. McPhail G. Monteleone A. Moreno V. Naticchioni C. Paoletti E. Simonetti F. Zaza 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(6):1018-1024
The use of biomass and waste to produce alternative fuels, due to environmental and energy security reasons, is a high-quality solution especially when integrated with high efficiency fuel cell applications. In this article we look into the coupling of an anaerobic digestion process of organic residues to electrochemical conversion to electricity and heat through a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). In particular the pathway of the exceedingly harmful compound hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in these phases is analysed. Hydrogen sulphide production in the biogas is strongly interrelated with methane and/or hydrogen yield, as well as with operating conditions like temperature and pH. When present in the produced biogas, this compound has multiple negative effects on the performance and durability of an MCFC. Therefore, there are important issues of integration to be solved.Three general approaches to solve the sulphur problem in the MCFC are possible. The first is to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulphide at the source: favouring conditions that inhibit its production during fermentation. Secondly, to identify the sulphur tolerance levels of the fuel cell components currently in use and develop sulphur-tolerant components that show long-term electrochemical performance and corrosion stability. The third approach is to remove the generated sulphur species to very low levels before the gas enters the fuel cell. 相似文献
39.
Lin Ya-Wen Cheng Ta-Wui Lin Wei-Ting Lo Huang-Mu Lo Kang-Wei Chen Chiao-Ying Lin Kae-Long 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(3):1081-1089
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The goal of this paper was to synthesize eco-humidity-conditioned Al-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves (CHCMs) from liquid–crystal-display... 相似文献
40.
We develop a stochastic model for the time-evolution of scalar concentrations and temporal gradients in concentration experienced
by observers moving within inhomogeneous plumes that are dispersing within turbulent flows. In this model, scalar concentrations
and their gradients evolve jointly as a Markovian process. Underlying the model formulation is a natural generalisation of
Thomson’s well mixed condition [Thomson DJ (1987) J Fluid Mech 180:529–556]. As a consequence model outputs are necessarily
compatible with statistical properties of scalars observed in experiment that are used here as model input. We then use the
model to examine how insects aloft within the atmospheric boundary-layer can locate odour sources by modulating their flight
patterns in response to odour cues. Mechanisms underlying odour-mediated flights have been studied extensively at laboratory-scale
but an understanding of these flights over landscape scales is still lacking. Insect flights are simulated by combining the
stochastic model with a simple model of insect olfactory response. These simulations show the strong influence of wind speed
on the distributions of the times taken by insects to locate the source. In accordance with experimental observations [Baker
TC, Vickers NJ (1997) In: Insect pheromone research: new directions, pp 248–264; Mafra-Neto A, Cardé RT (1994) Nature 369:142–144],
flight patterns are predicted to become straighter and shorter, and source location is predicted to become more likely as
the mean wind speed increases. The most probable arrival time to the source decreases with the mean wind speed. It is shown
that scale-free movement patterns arising from olfactory-driven foraging stem directly from the power-law distribution of
concentration excursion times above/below a threshold level and are robust with respect to variations in Reynolds number.
Flight lengths are well represented by a power law distribution in agreement with the observed patterns of foraging bumblebees
[Heinrich B (1979) Oecologia 40(3):235–245]. 相似文献