挥发性有机污染物排放控制标准制订中的关键技术问题研究

研究分析了挥发性有机污染物排放标准制订中4个关键技术问题:污染因子选择、控制指标确定、限值的确定以及技术管理措施.结果表明,应根据毒性和光化学反应性选择污染因子;确定控制指标应既考虑有组织控制指标,又考虑无组织的控制指标;确定排放限值应明确是基于控制技术还是基于健康风险;同时制定技术管理措施以通过源头和过程控制挥发性有机污染物排放.     

Individual consistency in exploratory behaviour and mating tactics in male guppies

While behavioural plasticity is considered an adaptation to fluctuating social and environmental conditions, many animals also display a high level of individual consistency in their behaviour over time or across contexts (generally termed ‘personality’). However, studies of animal personalities that include sexual behaviour, or functionally distinct but correlated traits, are relatively scarce. In this study, we tested for individual behavioural consistency in courtship and exploratory behaviour in male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in two light environments (high vs. low light intensity). Based on previous work on guppies, we predicted that males would modify their behaviour from sneak mating tactics to courtship displays under low light conditions, but also that the rank orders of courtship effort would remain unchanged (i.e. highly sexually active individuals would display relatively high levels of courtship under both light regimes). We also tested for correlations between courtship and exploratory behaviour, predicting that males that had high display rates would also be more likely to approach a novel object. Although males showed significant consistency in their exploratory and mating behaviour over time (1 week), we found no evidence that these traits constituted a behavioural syndrome. Furthermore, in contrast to previous work, we found no overall effect of the light environment on any of the behaviours measured, although males responded to the treatment on an individual-level basis, as reflected by a significant individual-by-environment interaction. The future challenge is to investigate how individual consistency across different environmental contexts relates to male reproductive success.     

我国工业固体废物的产生特征及控制对策

工业固体废物是固体废物的重要组成部分。根据我国最近10年发布的工业固体废物统计数据,全面分析了我国工业固体废物的产生特点,研究了工业固体废物产生量、利用量和处置量、工业固体废物区域和行业分布特点以及与工业产值的关系,并针对我国工业固体废物管理存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

我国核电发展现状浅析

核电作为一种安全的清洁能源,对于优化能源结构、减少环境污染、具有重要意义.本文介绍了我国核电的现状,从安全性、环保性、经济性几方面对核电进行分析比较,说明积极推进核电发展是我国未来电力发展的选择.     

重庆市重点行业企业化学品检查结果分析

对辖区内693家重点行业企业化学品进行检查,并分析其分布状况及运输方式。结果表明,检查企业总工业生产总值为3 773 806万元,原料和产品化学品种类分别为1 305种、871种,,原料和产品化学品数量分别为17 806.04万t、13 840.41万t。各指标排名靠前的区域主要是区级行政区,县级行政区排名相对靠后;化学原料及化学制品制造业、医药制造业、石油炼制业的企业数分别占企业总数的85.28%、9.38%、5.34%,工业总产值分别占总工业生产总值的80.63%、16.18%、3.18%,原料用量分别占总用量的76.96%、0.05%、22.99%,产品产量分别占总产量的70.93%、0.04%、29.03%;公路运输是化学品最主要的运输方式。     

高校图书馆室内环境质量的调查与评价研究

通过对武汉市某高校图书馆室内的甲醛、微生物、氡和噪声等指标进行现状监测,所测污染物浓度均低于国家标准规定的限值,客观评价结果表明图书馆室内环境质量状况良好。同时,依据国际通用的主观评价调查表对图书馆在馆读者进行满意度问卷调查,并采用SPSS软件对调查结果进行相关分析和雷达图分析,主观评价结果表明部分读者对图书馆室内环境质量不太满意。主观评价与客观评价结果存在一定的差异,主要与读者对所处图书馆的感觉与其自身的生理和心理等因素有关。     

大窑湾海域虾夷扇贝体内麻痹性贝毒的周年变化

麻痹性贝毒是对人体健康构成严重危害的甲藻类毒素。2007～2008年,大窑湾虾夷扇贝体内麻痹性贝毒2周年的调查发现,其含量与组分有着明显的季节变化,4-7月份麻痹性贝毒含量较高,4月份最高,平均含量可达378.32μg STXeq/100 g,有C1、C2、GTX1、GTX2、GTX3、GTX5、dcGTX2、dcGTX3、neoSTX、STX等10种毒素组分。大窑湾虾夷扇贝体内麻痹行贝毒组分显著增多,含量明显增高。     

Modeling and interpretation of fiber orientation-based failure mechanisms in machining of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites

The development and implementation of a microstructure-based finite element model for the machining of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites is presented. A new approach to interfacial modeling is introduced where the material interface is modeled using continuum elements, allowing failure to take place in either tension or compression. The model is capable of describing the fiber failure mode occurring throughout the chip formation process. Characteristic fiber length in the chips, and machining forces for microstructures with fibers orientated at 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° are examined. For model validation purposes, the model-based machining performance predictions are compared to the machining responses from a set of orthogonal machining experiments. A parametric study is presented that identifies a robust tool geometry, which minimizes the effects of fiber orientation and size on the machining forces.     

柴油/CNG公交车排放颗粒物粒径分布特征隧道实测研究

对澳洲某公路隧道中段和名义入口段进行连续4d的超细颗粒物实测,通过数据分析发现隧道内柴油公交车和CNG公交车混合排放的颗粒物日平均粒径呈双峰模态分布.采用多元回归法分别计算柴油公交车和CNG公交车颗粒物数浓度粒径谱排放因子,发现柴油车/CNG颗粒物排放分别呈积聚态单峰分布和核模态单峰分布.对隧道内机动车颗粒物排放每30min平均粒径分布进行核模态和积聚模态的对数正态分布曲线拟合分解,90组粒径分布叠加拟合曲线与实测结果的拟合度为0.972～0.998.采用髭须图对柴油车和CNG车颗粒物排放特征做统计分析发现,柴油公交车颗粒物排放呈积聚模态下的对数正态分布,其峰值粒径74.5～86.5nm,该对数正态分布的几何标准差1.88～2.05.CNG公交车呈核模态的对数正态分布,峰值粒径19.9～22.9nm,几何标准差为1.27～1.3.     

交通拥堵对TSP排放的影响分析

在上海市杨浦区军工路部分路段采集TSP浓度、气压、温度、分车型车流量、区段车速、信号配时等数据,通过多元回归方法分析小型车交通量,大型车交通量,拖挂车交通量及区段车速对TSP浓度的影响,建立起TSP浓度与上述交通变量的函数关系,并通过AIMSUN交通仿真软件以及基础采集数据,建立军工路路网,模拟四种交通拥堵状况(重度拥堵,中度拥堵,轻度拥堵,基本畅通)的产生和消散过程。综合分析路段交通拥堵对道路TSP排放和分布的影响。分析整理得出道路TSP小时排放总量和拥堵程度成正比关系,且TSP污染主要集中在车辆拥挤怠速的部分,车辆拥挤排队的队尾部分是TSP排放源强最高、源强增长最快的区域,增长率达到240%～290%。