城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施,阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法,指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定,分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识,加大了治理污染的力度,转变了环境监测的职能,促进了环境监测事业的发展     

我国污染场地含水层监测现状与技术研发趋势

通过分析我国污染场地含水层监测现状和污染场地环境管理需求,指出我国污染场地含水层监测的不足之处并探讨了我国污染场地含水层监测技术研发趋势.当前,我国污染场地含水层监测主要以地下水监测为主,且监测仪器设备简陋陈旧、技术手段落后,不能满足数量日益增长的污染场地环境管理需求,急需发展一批新型、高效、经济、实用的监测技术和监测...     

Molten carbonate fuel cells fed with biogas: Combating H2S

The use of biomass and waste to produce alternative fuels, due to environmental and energy security reasons, is a high-quality solution especially when integrated with high efficiency fuel cell applications. In this article we look into the coupling of an anaerobic digestion process of organic residues to electrochemical conversion to electricity and heat through a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). In particular the pathway of the exceedingly harmful compound hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) in these phases is analysed. Hydrogen sulphide production in the biogas is strongly interrelated with methane and/or hydrogen yield, as well as with operating conditions like temperature and pH. When present in the produced biogas, this compound has multiple negative effects on the performance and durability of an MCFC. Therefore, there are important issues of integration to be solved.Three general approaches to solve the sulphur problem in the MCFC are possible. The first is to prevent the formation of hydrogen sulphide at the source: favouring conditions that inhibit its production during fermentation. Secondly, to identify the sulphur tolerance levels of the fuel cell components currently in use and develop sulphur-tolerant components that show long-term electrochemical performance and corrosion stability. The third approach is to remove the generated sulphur species to very low levels before the gas enters the fuel cell.     

Effects of composing on sorption capacity of bagasse-based chars

A fresh bagasse sample (0-month) and two composted bagasse and pig manure mixed samples (1-month and 6-month) were used to produce carbon chars. Sample pyrolysis showed greater carbon char yields were obtained from the compost samples than from the bagasse sample. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggested that the chemical structures of the bagasse sample and the two compost samples were quite different, but that the three carbon chars obtained from those precursors were similar. Among the three pyrolyzed chars, the 0-month bagasse char displayed the largest sorption capacity of 3333 mg kg^?1 for the hydrophilic pollutant phenol, presumably resulting from its greater carbon content and O/C ratio. However, the sorption capacities for the hydrophobic pollutant naphthalene of the tow compost chars (3-month, 2001 mg kg^?1; 6-month, 1667 mg kg^?1) were greater than that of the 0-month bagasse char (1428 mg kg^?1). The results indicate that the compost chars had a greater preferential affinity for naphthalene than that in the bagasse char, suggesting that the compost chars possessed greater hydrophobicity.     

Factors affecting the implementation of green specifications in construction

Green specifications constitute one of the important elements in green construction. New sustainability requirements and changing priorities in construction management have spurred the emerging green specifications to a faster pace of development. A cross-sectional survey has been conducted in Hong Kong in 2007 to identify principal factors leading to the success of preparing green specifications. Based on extensive construction management literature, 20 variables concerning sustainable construction were summarized. Using the Mann–Whitney U-test, the subtle differences between stakeholders in specifying construction work have been detected even with the high consistency of the responses among the groups. Moreover, five independent factors for successful specification of green construction have been categorized by factor analysis. They are related to (1) green technology and techniques, (2) reliability and quality of specification, (3) leadership and responsibility, (4) stakeholder involvement, and (5) guide and benchmarking systems. Whilst the first and fourth factors are generally more important, different stakeholder groups have different emphases. The results of the survey have been validated against established principles.     

Governance reform,external support,and environmental regulation enforcement in rural China: The case of Guangdong province

This paper examines how configurations of external support factors have evolved alongside governance reform in recent years and how these evolving configurations have affected regulatory enforcement in four counties in Guangdong Province in China. Based on in-depth interviews with leading officials in the local environmental protection bureaus (EPBs), we show that there have been increases in government and societal support for local EPBs in their regulatory work, thanks partly to a number of recent governance reform efforts, but many problems have remained. Based on a questionnaire survey of enforcement officials, we examine how the perceptions of government and societal support are related to EPB officials’ self-perception of effectiveness. It is found that both local government support and societal support have an influence on enforcement officials’ self-assessment of effectiveness, but the relationships varied considerably depending on various dimensions of effectiveness and the patterns of interactions between government and societal support.     

Mechanism of hydrogen sulfide generation from a composite waste landfill site: a case study of the ‘Sudokwon Landfill Site’, Korea

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study analyzes the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide generation in a composite landfill site where demolition and domestic wastes were deposited....     

Photoactivation and photoregeneration of TiO2/PAC mixture applied in suspension in water treatments: approach to a real application

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The process TiO2/PAC/UV-vis has been under study and compared with the isolated treatments of adsorption and photocatalysis determining possible...