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111.
112.
Sorichetta A Masetti M Ballabio C Sterlacchini S Beretta GP 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(4):1215-1224
Statistical methods are widely used in environmental studies to evaluate natural hazards. Within groundwater vulnerability in particular, statistical methods are used to support decisions about environmental planning and management. The production of vulnerability maps obtained by statistical methods can greatly help decision making. One of the key points in all of these studies is the validation of the model outputs, which is performed through the application of various techniques to analyze the quality and reliability of the final results and to evaluate the model having the best performance. In this study, a groundwater vulnerability assessment to nitrate contamination was performed for the shallow aquifer located in the Province of Milan (Italy). The Weights of Evidence modeling technique was used to generate six model outputs, each one with a different number of input predictive factors. Considering that a vulnerability map is meaningful and useful only if it represents the study area through a limited number of classes with different degrees of vulnerability, the spatial agreement of different reclassified maps has been evaluated through the kappa statistics and a series of validation procedures has been proposed and applied to evaluate the reliability of the reclassified maps. Results show that performance is not directly related to the number of input predictor factors and that is possible to identify, among apparently similar maps, those best representing groundwater vulnerability in the study area. Thus, vulnerability maps generated using statistical modeling techniques have to be carefully handled before they are disseminated. Indeed, the results may appear to be excellent and final maps may perform quite well when, in fact, the depicted spatial distribution of vulnerability is greatly different from the actual one. For this reason, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the obtained results using multiple statistical techniques that are capable of providing quantitative insight into the analysis of the results. This evaluation should be done at least to reduce the questionability of the results and so to limit the number of potential choices. 相似文献
113.
Circadian rhythmicity plays an important role for many aspects of honey bees’ lives. However, the question whether it also
affects learning and memory remained unanswered. To address this question, we studied the effect of circadian timing on olfactory
learning and memory in honey bees Apis mellifera using the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex paradigm. Bees were differentially conditioned to odours
and tested for their odour learning at four different “Zeitgeber” time points. We show that learning behaviour is influenced
by circadian timing. Honey bees perform best in the morning compared to the other times of day. Additionally, we found influences
of the light condition bees were trained at on the olfactory learning. This circadian-mediated learning is independent from
feeding times bees were entrained to, indicating an inherited and not acquired mechanism. We hypothesise that a co-evolutionary
mechanism between the honey bee as a pollinator and plants might be the driving force for the evolution of the time-dependent
learning abilities of bees. 相似文献
114.
Santonastaso Giovanni Francesco Di Nardo Armando Creaco Enrico Musmarra Dino Greco Roberto 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):33844-33853
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The positioning of quality detection points as well as the frequency of sampling is a crucial aspect for the implementation of Water Safety Plans... 相似文献
115.
116.
Giovanni Carrosio 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2020,22(4):460-472
ABSTRACT Most institutions and industrial actors believe that district heating infrastructure can play a key role in accelerating the transition to low-carbon energy systems. In this article we test this belief in Italy, starting from a census of all existing plants, subdivided by sources of supply and business organization models. We isolate two types of district heating (urban and rural) and find that they are different with respect to their approaches to energy transition. In rural areas, networks constitute systems that can empower the local techno-institutional complex to achieve a technological leap. Set in a pre-existing social network, district heating reinforces a sense of community and facilitates the involvement of various local players in a collective project. In the case of biomass, we are faced with local systems that have almost completed the transition with regard to the production of thermal and sometimes electric energy. In urban areas, on the other hand, networks represent functional devices for the stabilization of the techno-institutional complex. They allow cities to work on the circularity of some economies, generating added value from the same factors of production. The discrepancy between urban and rural contexts thus highlights the need to consider the ambivalence of district heating technology. 相似文献
117.
To better understand the effects of fisheries and ocean productivity on the northeastern Ionian Sea we constructed an Ecopath with Ecosim model with 22 functional groups. Data on biomass, production/biomass, consumption/biomass, and diet for each group were estimated or extrapolated from the literature. Fisheries landings and discards were also included. Temporal trajectories were simulated using Ecosim. The model was fitted with time-series data for the most important groups from 1964 to 2006. Simulations highlighted a decline of top predators and of most of the commercial species since the late 1970s. The model shows that the decline of fish resources was mainly caused by an intensive fishing pressure that occurred in the area until the end of the 1990s and also by changes in primary production that impacted the trajectories of the main functional groups. In particular, simulated changes through time in PP impacted the abundance trends of all the commercial species, showing a cascade-up effect through the ecosystem. The application of Ecopath with Ecosim was a useful tool for understanding the trends of the main functional groups of the northeastern Ionian Sea. The model underlined that management actions are needed to restore and protect target species including marine mammals, pelagic and demersal fishes. In particular, measures to reduce overfishing, illegal fishing activities and to respect existing legislations are in need. Moreover, the adoption of marine protected areas could be an effective management measure to guarantee prey survival and to sustain marine predators. 相似文献
118.
Abstract Dissolved iodine in sea water, about 60 μg L?1, usually exists in equal proportions as iodate and iodide ions. For their determination several techniques have been proposed (Riley, 1975); among them the volumetric one which depends upon the release of elementary iodine by the addition of acid and iodide ions to the iodate present in the sample. The liberated iodine is titrated with thiosulphate the equivalence point being detected photometrically (Matthews and Riley, 1970; Wong and Brewer, 1974) or it can also be reduced with an excess of thiosulphate and the residual thiosulphate back-titrated with iodate amperometrically (Barkley and Thompson, 1960; Truesdale and Spencer, 1974; Tsonkova and Kulev, 1981). To titrate total iodine in the sample the iodide must be previously oxidized to iodate with bromine (Barkley and Thompson, 1960; Tsonkova and Kulev, 1981) or permanganate (Schnepfe, 1972). In the amperometric procedure Truesdale and Spencer (1974) observed that platinum electrodes often do not respond reliably. 相似文献
119.
Maurizio Bevilacqua Filippo Emanuele Ciarapica Giovanni Mazzuto 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(4):677-685
Issues related to health and safety at work, such as accidents at work, are one of the most important areas of action for global social policy. This paper presents a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) approach to explore the importance of the relevant factors in industrial plants. For this purpose, industrial plants are described in terms of factors that affect injury risk and the causal relationships involved.In this work, the injuries in an Italian refinery have been studied. The company in this account has a system for monitoring and controlling the machinery but has a large number of minor injuries at work. The causes of these injuries have been found in human behaviours. To analyse the injuries, it is necessary to investigate what individual-level concerns are involved in the perception of risk. For this investigation, an FCM permits us to build a schema of the perception of risk. The resulting analysis of all of these schemas has allowed us to define a method that generically permits a determination of the causes for each type of injury. In fact, it has been possible to determine that factors such as poor attention and concentration or fatigue are the main causes of injuries at work.In light of the results obtained, managers can define appropriate control procedures to diminish the occurrences of the injuries. 相似文献
120.
Mohammadtaghi Vakili Wen Qiu Giovanni Cagnetta Jun Huang Gang Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):128