Distribution,sources, and ecological risk assessment of SVOCs in surface sediments from Guan River Estuary,China

The contamination of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the surface sediments of the Guan River Estuary, China was fully investigated. Total concentrations of 56 species of SVOCs ranged from 132 to 274 ng/g with an average of 186 ng/g (dry weight). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were positively correlated with clay content and negatively correlated with sediment grain size. Source identification indicated that PAHs originated mainly from pyrolytic sources. However, intense ship traffic in the estuary may provide sources of petrogenic PAHs. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) mainly originated from direct input of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) during some industrial processes. The SVOC concentrations were also compared with International Sediments Quality Guidelines and Sediments Quality Criteria, and the results indicated that negative biological impacts may originate from high concentrations of FLO, p,p′-DDE, and total DDTs.     

基于层次分析法的古村落旅游资源评价——以世界遗产地西递、宏村为例

以世界遗产地皖南古村落——西递、宏村为研究区域,从研究区域的资源价值和区位条件两个方面,选取了5个Ⅰ级指标：历史文化价值、科学价值、艺术价值、区域规模、交通便利程度,12个Ⅱ级指标：年代久远程度、民俗代表性、历史事件名人影响度、科学考察、科普教育、完整性、典型性、观赏性、地域组合、环境容量、通达性与服务中心距离,建立评价指标体系,并结合YAAHP软件对该指标体系进行层次分析,得出了各指标的相对权重。结果表明,西递、宏村的历史文化价值与艺术价值在其旅游资源评价中具有重要地位。在此基础上对其进行了分析并提出了相应的保护措施和对策,以期达到对西递、宏村旅游资源合理保护与开发的目的。     

高浓度氨氮废水好氧反硝化反应的基本条件

文章通过室内实验,对高浓度氨氮废水(垃圾渗滤液)间歇曝气,在只存在有机碳、无机氮的条件下进行好氧反硝化脱氮研究。实验结果表明:垃圾渗滤液中存在好氧反硝化土著微生物菌落;发生好氧反硝化的基本条件为在溶解氧充足的条件下间歇曝气;碳源不仅是厌氧反硝化所必须的,同样也是好氧反硝化的必要条件。     

Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectral features of organic matter in conventional and organic dairy manure

Organic dairy production has exhibited potential for growth in the United States dairy sector. However, little information is available on whether there is any difference in manure composition and quality between organic (OD) and conventional (CD) dairy manure even though the composition and quality are important parameters with respect to availability, utilization, and cycling of manure nutrients and environmental impact evaluation. We comparatively characterized whole and water-extracted materials of 15 OD and seven CD dairy manure samples by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and fluorescence spectroscopies. Fourier transform infrared features of manure organic matter varied mainly in the 1650 to 1550 cm range, reflecting the presence of different N compounds in these manure samples. Fluorescence data revealed five fluorophore components present in the water-extracted organic matter from the manures. We found no clearly distinct value ranges in whole and water-extractable organic matter between the two types of dairy manure with respect to C and N contents and FT-IR and fluorescence spectral features. However, based on the average values, we observed general pattern differences on the effect of organic farming on the manure composition: OD contained less soluble C and N compounds on dry weight basis but more hydrophobic aliphatic groups in whole manure. The soluble organic matter in OD samples contained more stable humic- and lignin-related components and less amino/protein N-related components based on their spectroscopic features. These differences might be attributed to more forage feedstuffs in organic dairy farming management and more protein additives in conventional dairy feedstuffs. Information from this work may be useful in aiding organic dairy farmers in making manure management decisions.     

低碳技术转让的资金机制问题研究

简单介绍了中国低碳技术转让的现实问题,分析了国内外现有解决低碳技术转让机制的模式,并提出了构建适合中国国情的低碳技术转让资金机制新模式,以解决低碳技术转让市场流动性的问题,进而减缓气候变化对中国的影响,最后指出了未来的研究方向。     

Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附耦合处理焦化废水生化尾水的研究

研究了Fenton氧化、活性炭吸附、Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附等方法,对焦化废水生化尾水的处理效果,分析了Fenton氧化一活性炭吸附法处理焦化废水生化尾水的工艺条件。结果表明,Fenton氧化与活性炭吸附耦合处理焦化废水生化尾水的最优条件是：H2O2投加量为5mL／L,FeSO4·7H2O投加量为200mg／L,活性炭投加量为2g／L,反应pH=4．0,反应时间为20min。在此条件下,COD去除率可达82．6％,出水水质符合《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978--1996）一级标准。     

废弃轮胎制备中孔炭吸附材料工艺及性能研究

为了解决废弃轮胎造成的资源浪费和环境污染的问题,对以废弃轮胎橡胶为碳的前驱体原料,制备具有高吸附性能中孔炭材料工艺进行了系统的研究。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及比表面积分析,对制备的中孔炭微观结构和性能进行表征,讨论了炭化温度、碱炭比,以及活化温度和活化时间等工艺条件对制备中孔炭的产率、结构和性能的影响。结果表明,通过改变工艺条件制备的中孔炭的孔径分布可以在2~80 nm范围内进行调控。在500℃炭化温度,碱炭比为4∶1,900℃活化1 h的工艺条件下,制备的中孔炭的比表面积为473 m2/g,对甲基橙的最大吸附量达到254 mg/g。     

臭氧光催化降解水中甲醛的研究

研究比较了3种光化学方法对水中低浓度甲醛的降解效果,考察了初始pH值、甲醛浓度和臭氧投加速率等因素对臭氧光催化(TiO_2/UV/O_3)降解甲醛的影响。结果表明,紫外臭氧(UV/O_3)、光催化(TiO_2/UV)和TiO_2/UV/O_3对甲醛的降解均符合表观一级反应动力学,TiO_2/UV/O_3降解甲醛的一级表观速率常数大于TiO_2/UV与UV/O_3之和,说明臭氧、光催化有明显的协同作用。pH值对臭氧光催化降解甲醛的速率几乎没有影响;甲醛初始浓度增加,表观反应速率常数下降,但甲醛的绝对去除量仍随初始浓度的增加而显著增加;臭氧投加速率增加,降解速率增加。甲醛降解的主要中间产物为甲酸,但甲酸在臭氧光催化反应过程中也快速降解而被矿化,说明臭氧光催化是一种能安全有效去除甲醛的方法。     

吸附增效低温等离子体法去除甲苯废气的研究

采用150Hz中频高压交流电源作为低温等离子体发生源,选用典型的微孔γ-Al2O3球形颗粒吸附剂(以下简称γ-Al2O3)作为等离子体反应器填充材料,协同低温等离子体法催化降解甲苯废气。考察了在不同条件下,γ-Al2O3的甲苯吸脱附效果和吸附增效低温等离子体法的甲苯去除效果。结果表明,甲苯降解反应主要发生在γ-Al2O3的表面,甲苯的去除率在一定的浓度范围内与γ-Al2O3表面吸附的甲苯量成正比关系;填充γ-Al2O3有利于提高甲苯去除率及等离子体反应器能量利用率;γ-Al2O3对臭氧的降解表现出一定的促进作用。     

Ag~+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚和乙硫醇吸附与光催化氧化研究

采用高温固相法合成具有不同Nb/Ti摩尔比的复合钛铌酸钾盐,通过Ag+离子交换对其进行改性。在静态下评价了Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚(DMS)和乙硫醇(EM)的吸附与紫外光催化氧化作用,使用红外光谱技术对催化剂表面滞留物种进行表征。结果表明,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对DMS的吸附作用力比EM弱。随着Nb/Ti摩尔比增加,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对EM的吸附作用力增强。在紫外光辐射下,Ag+改性的复合钛铌酸钾盐将DMS氧化为亚砜、砜和硫酸盐,而EM则被氧化为磺酸和单齿硫酸盐。