双碱法烟气脱硫技术影响因素分析

双碱法在中小型燃煤锅炉的烟气脱硫上有着较广泛的应用,它克服了其他湿法脱硫容易结垢的缺点,且脱硫效率高。主要介绍近几年国内双碱法烟气脱硫效率主要影响因素的理论和实验研究现状,分析了pH值、钠离子浓度、液气比、硫酸根离子的比例和进口二氧化硫浓度等因素对该技术的脱硫效果的影响,提出了该技术目前存在的问题及其今后的发展方向。     

推行清洁生产 促进黑龙江省循环经济发展

当前,黑龙江省＂高污染、高消耗、低产出＂的传统经济发展模式越来越受到资源瓶颈和生态环境的制约,提高资源利用率,减少废弃物的产生成为当前迫切解决的问题。因此寻找促进发展循环经济的方法成为黑龙江省转变经济增长方式的必然选择。清洁生产,就是在确保产品满足人类物质文化需要的前提下,通过不断改进管理和推进技术进步等措施,达到提高资源利用率、减少乃至消除污染物的产生,使其生产过程和产品对人类和环境危害最小的目的。清洁生产是解决经济发展与环境矛盾的重要手段,是生态产业发展的基础,更是实现黑龙江省循环经济发展的重要途径。     

地市级环保数据网络的安全现状与对策

从地市级环保数据网络的安全现状展开调查,分析网络各个应用可能存在的安全漏洞和安全风险,并分析其解决方法,研究结果将对中国地市级进行环境信息系统的安全运行具有借鉴作用。     

衡阳市降水型地质灾害潜势预报预警方法初探

为提高衡阳市降水型地质灾害预报预警的针对性和时效性,本文利用1994—2007年衡阳市地质灾害个例资料和相应的降水资料,分析了地质灾害与降水的关系;划分了地质灾害易发区,并针对不同易发区确定了降水型地质灾害预报预警指标;对预报预警方法进行检验,并提出了改善建议。结果显示:衡阳市降水型地质灾害与前期降水强度、当日降水量等有着密切关系;建立的预报预警方法对衡阳市暴雨突发性地质灾害预报具有较好的地域针对性和准确性,将预报时效延长至24小时,对地质灾害的防御有着重要的现实意义。     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况评价

利用水质指数法对滦河锡林郭勒盟段水质状况进行了分析评价,结果显示：（1）滦河锡林郭勒段2005-2007年主要污染因子为：高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、铁、生物需氧量、锰、总磷等;（2）2005-2007年间,上都河监测断面水质状况整体呈变好趋势,但地方经济增长带来的化学需氧量异常升高不容忽视,大河口断面不同水期水质状况变化不同;（3）2005-2007年,滦河锡林郭勒段化学需氧量与溶解氧超标污染加重明显、高锰酸盐指数超标污染逐渐减轻;三年内,上游水质均优于下游水质,两个监测断面水质均为丰水期水质〈平水期水质〈枯水期水质。     

Bioaccumulation of cadmium bound to humic acid by the bivalve Meretrix meretirx Linnaeus from solute and particulate pathways

Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments.Generally,the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals.In the present work,we applied a suspending system to determine the relative importance of particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid as Cd sources for the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and to investigate the difference of bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd adsorbed on di...     

Do land utilization patterns a ect methanotrophic communities in a Chinese upland red soil?

Soil samples were collected from three plots under di erent land utilization patterns including degradation, farming, and restoration. The abundances of methanotrophs were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the pmoA and 16S rRNA genes, and the community fingerprint was analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) aiming at pmoA gene. Significantly lower 16S rRNA and pmoA genes copies were found in the degradation treatment than in farming and restoration. Higher abundances of Type I than those of Type II methanotrophs were detected in all treatments. The treatment of farming was clearly separated from degradation and restoration according to the DGGE profile by cluster analysis. The lowest diversity indices were observed in the F (farming plot), suggesting that the community structure was strongly a ected by farming activities. There were significantly positive correlations between the copy numbers of pmoA also Type II-related 16S rRNA genes and soil available K content. Strong negative and positive correlations were found between Type I and soil pH, and available P content, respectively. We concluded that the vegetation cover or not, soil characteristics including pH and nutrients of P and K as a result of anthropogenic disturbance may be key factors a ecting methanotrophic communities in upland soil.     

活性炭再生及其在水处理中的应用

活性炭的再生方法有很多,如热再生法、生物再生法、化学溶液再生法、湿式氧化再生法、超临界萃取再生法、电化学再生法、超声波再生法、微波辐照再生法等。不同的方法有不同的特点适用于不同的工业废水处理。     

库布齐沙漠油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率时空变异特征研究

利用Li-840红外气体分析仪和Li-6400-09土壤呼吸气室组装而成的动态密闭土壤呼吸测定系统,于2006年生长季对内蒙古库布齐沙漠油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)生态系统2种不同类型土壤的土壤呼吸速率进行了野外测定,分析了日动态、季节动态及其对环境因子的响应,并阐述了油蒿灌丛空间异质性的特征.结果表明,油蒿灌丛的土壤呼吸速率日动态呈单峰曲线,在12:00左右有最大值.在适宜的水分和温度条件下,生长季里土壤呼吸速率在7～8月份出现最大值.土壤呼吸速率的季节动态与土壤含水量有显著的相关关系,表明水分是限制生长季干旱区灌丛土壤呼吸的最重要因子,分别可以解释油蒿冠幅下土壤和裸地的土壤呼吸速率2006年主要生长季节(5～9月)变化的75%和77%.油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率在空间尺度上存在着显著的异质性.油蒿冠幅覆盖下的土壤呼吸速率季节平均值为(155.58±15.20) mg·(m²·h)^-1,要显著地大于灌丛间裸地的数值(110.50±6.77) mg·(m²·h)^-1.2种不同类型土壤的土壤呼吸速率是由于根生物量的差异引起的,根生物量可以解释2006年生长季库布齐油蒿灌丛土壤呼吸速率空间异质性的43%.结果表明,在植被覆盖度异质性较大的灌丛生态系统中,要准确定量生态系统碳的释放时,必须充分考虑小尺度上土壤呼吸的空间异质性.