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741.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)是最为常见的粮食真菌毒素,易共存于谷物产品和动物饲料中,而目前对其联合毒性的研究较少,且研究结果并不完全一致。为探究DON、AFB_1和ZEN的联合毒性作用,本论文以秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)为模型,分别评估了毒素混合物AFB_1+DON、AFB_1+ZEN、DON+ZEN和AFB_1+DON+ZEN对C.elegans的生长发育(体长)和生殖能力(产卵量)的毒性作用,并用Chou-Talalay模型来判定毒素混合物的相互作用类型。研究表明,AFB_1、DON和ZEN单独染毒C.elegans时,其毒作用强弱为AFB_1ZENDON。联合染毒时,AFB_1+DON对C.elegans产生协同作用,而DON+ZEN则产生拮抗作用;AFB_1+ZEN对体长(24 h)和产卵量的毒作用随着暴露浓度的增加,由弱拮抗变为协同作用,而在毒素暴露48 h后,对线虫的生长发育呈协同作用;AFB_1+DON+ZEN除在EC50-24 h和EC75-24 h时对体长产生明显的毒性增强作用外,其他普遍表现出拮抗作用。由此表明,DON、AFB_1和ZEN对C.elegans的联合毒性作用与剂量和时间相关。 相似文献
742.
兴安落叶松林火后对土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
以大兴安岭兴安落叶松林火后不同强度(重度、中度、轻度)及未火烧区的土壤为研究对象,于火烧结束3年后(2009年)的秋季,采用氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定了不同强度火烧后土壤的微生物生物量碳(Cmic)和微生物生物量氮(Nmic),并研究其与土壤养分因子的关系。结果表明:兴安落叶松林重度火烧区的Cmic显著高于中度、轻度和未火烧区,Nmic在不同强度火烧样地间差异不显著,但在重度火烧区出现最高值。其中重度、中度、轻度和对照的Cmic平均为692.8、499.9、428.8和498.7 mg·kg-1,而Nmic分别为70.6、55.2、50.9和54.1 mg·kg-1。土壤含水量、土壤pH值、土壤有机碳对Cmic和Nmic的影响显著,土壤微生物生物量与土壤含水量、pH值、土壤有机碳均呈正相关。研究将为进一步开展火干扰对北方森林土壤碳平衡影响机理研究提供科学依据。 相似文献
743.
744.
Jiang He Chang-Wei Lü Hong-Xi Xue Ying Liang Saruli Bai Ying Sun Li-Li Shen Na Mi Qing-Yun Fan 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):45-58
This paper analyses the contents and species distributions of rare earth elements (REEs) in the water-suspended particulate-sediment
system of the Baotou section of the Yellow River, China, with known anthropogenic REE input from industrial discharges. The
major forms of REEs were suspended and dissolved in the mainstream and the tributaries of the Baotou section, respectively.
The concentrations of the dissolved and suspended REEs had the same trends in the overlying water along the mainstream, which
increased from the Seqi section (site A) to the mouth of the Sidaosha River (site D), reaching a maximum value at site D,
and tending to decrease thereafter. The contents of REEs in sediment cores showed enrichment with light rare earth elements
(LREEs). The bound to carbonates and to Fe–Mn oxides are the major forms of REE in the secondary phase and the REE exhibited
LREE enrichment pattern and moderate Eu depletion in suspended particulates and surface sediments. The contents and species
distributions of REEs in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section suggest that the anthropogenic
source of REEs from Baotou city have enhanced REE accumulation to the Baotou section. This information is important for predicting
possible pollution resulting from anthropogenic REE input into rivers. 相似文献
745.
746.
747.
Richard A. Erickson Steven M. Presley Linda J.S. Allen Kevin R. Long 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(9):1273-2908
Aedes albopictus has been the fastest spreading invasive animal species in the world from the mid-1980s until the mid-2000s. In areas it infests, it disrupts native mosquito ecology and can potentially vector up to 21 viruses. To better understand the population dynamics of this species, we created a temperature dependent population model. A stage-structured model was chosen to allow each life-stage to have different temperature dependent mortality and development rates, and each stage was modeled with an ordinary differential equation. Model parameters and distributions were based upon literature values. Initially, a basic model was constructed. This model then had parameters that were forced based upon daily average temperatures. Several criteria were used to evaluate the model, including a comparison to field data from Lubbock, TX. In a stochastic version of the model, a 95% confidence limit contained 70.7% of the field data points. Based upon these results, we feel reasonably confident that we have captured the role of temperature in driving the population dynamics of Ae. albopictus. 相似文献
748.
Qian YAO Hua ZHANG Jun WU Liming SHAO Pinjing HE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(3):286-294
Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to remove Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge from a sewage treatment plant. An investigation was conducted on the effects of the initial pH, contact time, temperature, and initial Cr(III) concentration in the biosorption process. The results revealed that the activated sludge exhibited the highest Cr(III) uptake capacity (120 mg·g−1) at 45°C, initial pH of 4, and initial Cr(III) concentration of 100 mg·L−1. The biosorption results obtained at various temperatures showed that the biosorption pattern accurately followed the Langmuir model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔGo (−0.8– −4.58 kJ·mol−1), ΔHo (15.6–44.4 kJ·mol−1), and ΔSo (0.06–0.15 kJ·mol−1·K−1) clearly indicated that the biosorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic, and physical. The pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models were adopted to describe the experimental data, which revealed that the Cr(III) biosorption process conformed to the second-order rate expression and the biosorption rate constants decreased with increasing Cr(III) concentration. The analysis of the values of biosorption activation energy (Ea = −7 kJ·mol−1) and the intra-particle diffusion model demonstrated that Cr(III) biosorption was film-diffusion-controlled. 相似文献
749.
俯采工作面采空区“三带”分布研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
为了防治采空区煤炭自燃,采用热电偶测温和束管气体监测方法对五沟矿1021俯采工作面观测,得到采空区温度及氧浓度的变化情况。通过对温度和氧浓度实测结果的分析,并利用MIN-MAX方法优化,最终确定了采空区"三带"的范围。结合五沟矿煤的自然发火期,可以推算出工作面的临界推进速度,以此有效指导工作面的防灭火工作。 相似文献
750.