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151.
152.
Vicente L. Lopes Adrian L. Vogl 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(5):1284-1294
Abstract: Determining watershed response to vegetation treatment has been the subject of numerous hydrologic studies over the years. However, generalizing the information obtained from traditional paired‐watershed studies to other watersheds in a region is problematic because of the empirical nature of such studies and the context dependence of hydrologic responses. This paper addresses the issue of generalizing hydrologic information through integration of process‐based modeling and field observations from small‐scale watershed experiments. To this end, the results from application of a process‐based model were compared with the results from small‐scale watershed experiments in ponderosa pine forests of Arizona. The model simulated treatment impacts reasonably well when compared to the traditional paired‐watershed approach. However, the model tended to overestimate water yields during periods of low flow, and there was a significant difference between the two approaches in the estimation of treatment impacts during the first four years following treatment. The results indicate that the lumped‐parameter modeling approach used here may be limited in its ability to detect small changes, and tends to overestimate changes that occur immediately following treatment. It is concluded that watershed experiments can be highly informative due to their direct examination of cause‐effect relationships, while process‐based models are useful for their processing power and focus on functional relationships. The integrated use of both watershed experiments and process‐based models provides a way to generalize hydrologic information, illuminate the processes behind landscape treatment effects, and to generate and test hypotheses. 相似文献
153.
H. Evan Cornfield Vicente L. Lopes 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):321-332
ABSTRACT: A process based, distributed runoff erosion model (KINEROS2) was used to examine problems of parameter identification of sediment entrainment equations for small watersheds. Two multipliers were used to reflect the distributed nature of the sediment entrainment parameters: one multiplier for a raindrop induced entrainment parameter, and one multiplier for a flow induced entrainment parameter. The study was conducted in three parts. First, parameter identification was studied for simulated error free data sets where the parameter values were known. Second, the number of data points in the simulated sedigraphs was reduced to reflect the effect of temporal sampling frequency on parameter identification. Finally, event data from a small range‐land watershed were used to examine parameter identifiability when the parameter values are unknown. Results demonstrated that whereas unique multiplier values can be obtained for simulated error free data, unique parameter values could not be obtained for some event data. Unique multiplier values for raindrop induced entrainment and flow induced entrainment were found for events with greater than a two‐year return period (~25 mm) that also had at least 10 mm of rain in ten minutes. It was also found that the three‐minute sampling frequency used for the sediment sampler might be inadequate to identify parameters in some cases. 相似文献
154.
155.
Numerical simulation of sand dune erosion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. M. G. Lopes L. A. Oliveira Almerindo D. Ferreira J. P. Pinto 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2013,13(2):145-168
Erosion of sand or other granular material is a subject of utmost importance in several fields of practical interest, including industrial processes or environmental issues. Resulting from intricate interaction between the incident flow field and localized body forces responsible for the granular material cohesion, erosion is a particularly complex phenomenon. The present work addresses this problem, proposing a numerical method to compute the time evolution of a sand dune subjected to aeolian erosion, along with the associated entrainment and deposition fluxes. Turbulent fluid flow is computed through a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver based on a generalized coordinate system. A Lagrangian approach is adopted for tracking the trajectories of particles entrained in the saltation regime, thus allowing prediction of the corresponding deposition locations. Different models for saltation fluxes are tested, along with several formulations for the creeping-to-saltation flux ratio, creeping threshold and creeping distance. Comparison with results from wind tunnel experiments is very encouraging, stressing the relative importance of creeping in the erosion process for the presently studied conditions. 相似文献
156.
dos Santos Debora Regina Lopes Silva-Sales Marcelle Fumian Tulio Machado Maranhão Adriana Gonçalves Malta Fábio Correia Ferreira Fernando César Pimenta Marcia Maria Miagostovich Marize Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2023,15(1):21-31
Food and Environmental Virology - This study assessed the sources of contamination of water matrices in a rural area using detection of a host-specific virus (human adenovirus [HAdV], porcine... 相似文献
157.
Alexander Tilley Ariadna Burgos Agustinha Duarte Joctan dos Reis Lopes Hampus Eriksson David Mills 《Ambio》2021,50(1):113
A greater understanding of gendered roles in fisheries is necessary to value the often-hidden roles that women play in fisheries and households. We examine women’s contributions to household food and income using focus group discussions, market surveys, and landings data in six communities in Timor-Leste. Women were actively fishing more days per month than men. Gleaning was the most frequent activity and 100% of trips returned with catch for food and/or income. Mollusc and crab catches were common and exploitation appeared targeted on a dynamic reappraisal of changing food values and changing estimates of group needs. With as many as 80% of households in coastal areas involved in fishing, and at least 50% of women fishing, this highlights the current lack of women’s engagement as a critical gap in fisheries management approaches. The current androcentric dialogue limits social-ecological understanding of these systems and the potential for their effective stewardship.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01335-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
158.
Cardoso-Silva Sheila Frascareli Daniele Silva Daniel C. V. R. Figueira Rubens César Lopes Bittencourt Marisa Dantas Moschini-Carlos Viviane Pompêo Marcelo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):16029-16041
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The establishment of reference conditions and typology are two important steps in water resources management. The reference conditions enable the... 相似文献
159.
Pisetta Ane-Mery Roveri Vinicius Guimarães Luciana Lopes de Oliveira Therezinha Maria Novais Correia Alberto Teodorico 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(42):63099-63111
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The worldwide occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in aquatic ecosystems is reason for public concern. These emerging... 相似文献
160.
Tavella Ronan Adler Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo Schimith Lucia Emanueli Volcão Lisiane Martins dos Santos Marina da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):74335-74345
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Socioeconomic and demographic factors, lifestyle and cultural characteristics may play an important role in the development of genetic damage. This... 相似文献