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81.
Robinson L. Contiero Fabiano A. Rios Denis F. Biffe Jamil Constantin Rubem S. de Oliveira Jr 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):803-809
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of time of the day and their associated climatic conditions on spray deposition of two 2,4-D formulations, as well as the influence on weed control. The experiment was installed in the field in complete randomized design. Treatments were arranged in factorial design 8?×?2, with 20 repetitions. First factor corresponded to different application time (1:00, 4:00, 7:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, and 22:00) with their respective climatic conditions. The second factor consisted of two formulations of 2,4-D applied at 776?g a.e. ha?1 (2,4-D amine and 2,4-D choline salt with Colex-D? Technology) + glyphosate (816?g a.e. ha?1). There was more spray deposition when 2,4-D choline formulation was used, and such differences were more evident for applications performed under adverse climatic conditions. More spray deposition was found in applications performed at times of day with more favorable temperature and humidity of the air conditions. Only the initial control of the evaluated species was affected by the time of application. 相似文献
82.
Sonja Ayeb‐Karlsson Dominic Kniveton Terry Cannon Kees van der Geest Istiakh Ahmed Erin M. Derrington Ebinezer Florano Denis Opiyo Opondo 《Disasters》2019,43(4):752-770
While much work has been invested in addressing the economic and technical basis of disaster preparedness, less effort has been directed towards understanding the cultural and social obstacles to and opportunities for disaster risk reduction. This paper presents local insights from five different national settings into the cultural and social contexts of disaster preparedness. In most cases, an early warning system was in place, but it failed to alert people to diverse environmental shocks. The research findings show that despite geographical and typological differences in these locations, the limitations of the systems were fairly similar. In Kenya, people received warnings, but from contradictory systems, whereas in the Philippines and on the island of Saipan, people did not understand the messages or take them seriously. In Bangladesh and Nepal, however, a deeper cultural and religious reasoning serves to explain disasters, and how to prevent them or find safety when they strike. 相似文献
83.
84.
Jiménez-Rosado Mercedes Maigret Jean-Eudes Perez-Puyana Víctor Romero Alberto Lourdin Denis 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(4):1587-1599
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Agri-food waste and by-products are being increasingly revalued, exploiting their potential. One of the attractive alternatives is their use as raw... 相似文献
85.
James C. Matthews Jonathan P. Ward Paul A. Keitch Denis L. Henshaw 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(39):5093-5100
High voltage power lines are known to produce corona ions that can be carried from the line by the wind, progressively attaching to ambient aerosol particles and causing fluctuations in the Earth’s atmospheric potential gradient. A fixed site monitoring station was installed near two power lines, which recorded the potential gradient at 1 s intervals and the ambient weather conditions every 10 min. The station ran continuously from January 2007 to December 2008, accumulating long-term data. Results from 2008 show an increase in potential gradient variability when a wind is blowing across the power lines towards the station, indicating that corona ions may be present in this environment. 相似文献
86.
Camille Codaccioni Olivier Picone Véronique Lambert Paul Maurice Léo Pomar Norbert Winer Laurent Guibaud Rose-Anne Lavergne Anne-Hélène Saliou Dorothée Quinio Alexandra Benachi Catherine Noel Yves Ville Fabrice Cuillier Christelle Pomares Nicole Ferret Denis Filisetti Anne-Sophie Weingertner Valérie Vequeau-Goua Estelle Cateau Guillaume Benoist Martine Wallon Marc Dommergues Isabelle Villena Laurent Mandelbrot 《黑龙江环境通报》2020,40(13):1741-1752
87.
Sheng Fulai Gary Flomenhoft Timothy J. Downs MaÁngeles Grande‐Ortiz Dana Graef Bert Scholtens Arthur P.J. Mol David A. Sonnenfeld Gert Spaargaren Rajeev K. Goel Edward W.T. Hsieh Serban Scrieciu Reinhard Steurer Christine Polzin Genia Kostka Tiho Ancev Elke Pirgmaier Frank Boons Karl‐Henrik Robèrt Christopher Bryant Ke Zhou Surya Raj Acharya David Huberman Denis J. Sonwa Michelle Mycoo Dabo Guan Klaus Hubacek U. Rashid Sumaila Hector G. Lopez‐Ruiz G. Jason Jolley Michael L. Dougherty André Francisco Pilon Ravi Prakash Tulus Tambunan Sebastian Hermann 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(1):63-72
88.
Sixty five samples were taken with a Transition Flow Reactor (TFR) for the measurement of nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrate particulates (NO
3
−
), in a central Athens street having a heavy traffic density, between February 1989 and February 1990. It was established
that the TFR theory overestimated HNO3 and underestimated NO
3
−
. This is caused by the retention of a fraction of the NO2 and a fraction of the HNO2 as NO
2
−
on the sampler's nylon linear. NO
2
−
is in turn oxidized to NO
3
−
and this is determined as HNO3. Two modifications of the TFR theory are proposed for a better estimation of the HNO3 and NO
3
−
. With the first modification HNO3 is estimated as being equal to the smaller of two values: HNO3 TFR and the value calculated if it is considered that 91% of HNO3 is retained by the nylon filter. The second modification was based on the quantification of the effect of NO2 on the concentrations of HNO3 and NO
3
−
. This modification is an improvement on the first one and enables the calculation of a lower limit for the concentration
of HNO2. Both modifications improve the accuracy of the TFR sampler in measuring HNO3 and NO
3
−
, without altering it structurally. It was also found that the nylon filter partially retains some NH3, causing a negative error in the measurement of NH
4
+
with the TFR. The extent of NH3 retention on the nylon filter is proportional to the HNO3 concentration. This error must be taken into account whenever NH
4
+
is being determined. 相似文献
89.
Emilie Deletre Bertrand Schatz Denis Bourguet Fabrice Chandre Livy Williams Alain Ratnadass Thibaud Martin 《Chemoecology》2016,26(4):127-142
The overall interest in environmentally safe pest control methods and the rise of insecticide resistance in pest populations have prompted medical and agricultural entomology research on insect repellents in recent years. However, conducting research on repellent is challenging for several reasons: (1) the different repellent phenomena are not well defined; (2) it is difficult to test for and quantify repellent; (3) the physiological mechanisms are poorly known; (4) the field efficacy appears to be highly variable. Here, we identified five different types of repellent: expellency, irritancy, deterrency, odor masking and visual masking, and described behavioral bioassays to differentiate between them. Although these categories are currently defined by their behavioral response to different stimuli, we suggest new definitions based on their mechanism of action. We put forward three main hypotheses on the physiological mechanism: (1) a dose effect that modifies the behavior, (2) a repellent mechanism with specific receptors, or (3) inhibition of the transduction of neural information. 相似文献
90.
Alexandre Robert Colin Fontaine Simon Veron Anne‐Christine Monnet Marine Legrand Joanne Clavel Stéphane Chantepie Denis Couvet Frédéric Ducarme Benoît Fontaine Frédéric Jiguet Isabelle le Viol Jonathan Rolland François Sarrazin Céline Teplitsky Maud Mouchet 《Conservation biology》2017,31(4):781-788
The field of biodiversity conservation has recently been criticized as relying on a fixist view of the living world in which existing species constitute at the same time targets of conservation efforts and static states of reference, which is in apparent disagreement with evolutionary dynamics. We reviewed the prominent role of species as conservation units and the common benchmark approach to conservation that aims to use past biodiversity as a reference to conserve current biodiversity. We found that the species approach is justified by the discrepancy between the time scales of macroevolution and human influence and that biodiversity benchmarks are based on reference processes rather than fixed reference states. Overall, we argue that the ethical and theoretical frameworks underlying conservation research are based on macroevolutionary processes, such as extinction dynamics. Current species, phylogenetic, community, and functional conservation approaches constitute short‐term responses to short‐term human effects on these reference processes, and these approaches are consistent with evolutionary principles. 相似文献