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171.
172.
青霉菌P-93对偶氮染料的降解特性研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
采用富集培养的方法,从土壤中分离得到一株对偶氮染料酸性大红(GR)和酸性黑(ATT)有较强脱色能力的青霉菌P-93(Penicilliumsp.P-93)。该菌以GR和ATT作为唯一C源和唯一N源均能生长。P-93在pH4.0─8.0的范围内对ATT的脱色率都在80%以上,在28-37℃的温度范围内对GR和ATT的脱色率也都超过80%。对降解产物的紫外─可见光光谱分析表明,对GR和ATT在可见光区的吸收峰(487.1nm,486.2nm和596.5nm)明显消失,而在紫外区的光吸收有所加强。P-93中降解GR和ATT的酶主要存在于细胞内,其生物合成不受染料的诱导。 相似文献
173.
试论高校图书馆的隐性教育 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文说明了隐性教育的概念, 指出了高校图书馆隐性教育的功能, 并从教育主体的自主性、教育内容的素质性、教育方位的开放性、教育方式的潜隐性、教育评价的非程序性以及教育管理的预期性等六个方面论述了高校图书馆隐性教育的特性, 最后提出了深化物质性隐性教育、行为性隐性教育以及制度性隐性教育等深化高校图书馆隐性教育的三大途径. 相似文献
174.
水分剥夺引起毛萼田菁(Sesbaniarostrata)茎瘤固氮活性的下降;水分剥夺还导致茎瘤类菌体固氮的最适O2分压(pO2)和呼吸强度的下降及茎瘤豆血红蛋白和细胞质可溶性蛋白含量的下降。测定水分剥夺的茎瘤在不同pO2下的固氮活性和茎瘤组织切片的显微观察,支持水分胁迫可使O2扩散阻力增大这一观点。测定不同pO2下离体茎瘤固氮活性以pO2为60%最高;当把茎瘤切碎后,茎瘤皮层的扩散屏障作用降低或失去,最适pO2降至40%,说明O2是茎瘤固氮作用的限制因子。 相似文献
175.
比较了不同金属离子对罗丹明B的声化学降解作用,发现超声时加入Fe2 反应速率常数为单独超声波降解时的1.6倍,反应在前5 h内符合假一级动力学.研究了亚铁离子强化声化学对罗丹明B的降解作用,考察了Fe2 用量,溶液初始pH值,曝气,反应温度和超声功率等因素对脱色速率的影响.研究表明,酸性条件有利于染料的脱色;有曝气时的声化学脱色速率常数是单独超声时的6倍;声化学反应的活化能较低,反应在低温就可以进行;超声功率的改变对脱色速率的影响不大.UV-VIS扫描图谱显示,染料在225 nm和256 nm处的紫外吸收明显降低,初步探讨了罗丹明B的降解机理. 相似文献
176.
Dichloromethane (DCM, also known as methylene chloride [CH2Cl2]) is often present in industrial waste gas and is a valuable chemical product in the chemical industry. This study addresses the oxidation of airstreams that contain CH2Cl2 by catalytic oxidation in a tubular fixed-bed reactor over perovskite-type oxide catalysts. This work also considers how the concentration of influent CH2Cl2 (Co = 500-1000 ppm), the space velocity (GHSV = 5000-48,000 1/hr), the relative humidity (RH = 10-70%) and the concentration of oxygen (O2 = 5-21%) influence the operational stability and capacity for the removal of CH2Cl2. The surface area of lanthanum (La)-cobalt (Co) composite catalyst was the greatest of the five perovskite-type catalysts prepared in various composites of La, strontium, and Co metal oxides. Approximately 99.5% CH2Cl2 reduction was achieved by the catalytic oxidation over LaCoO3-based perovskite catalyst at 600 degrees C. Furthermore, the effect of the initial concentration and reaction temperature on the removal of CH2Cl2 in the gaseous phase was also monitored. This study also provides information that a higher humidity corresponds to a lower conversion. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride were the two main products of the oxidation process at a relative humidity of 70%. 相似文献
177.
178.
The objectives of this study were to examine the application of the divalent cation bridging theory (DCBT) to improve settling, dewatering, and effluent quality in pilot-scale reactors and a full-scale system treating an industrial wastewater. This was accomplished by lowering the monovalent-to-divalent (M/D) cation ratio by direct divalent cation addition. Research has shown that the M/D ratio is a potential indicator for settling and dewatering problems at wastewater treatment plants, and M/D ratios above 2 have been associated with poor settling, dewatering, and effluent quality. The M/D ratio of the wastewater in this study ranged from 6 to 20. The cations studied were calcium and magnesium. Results showed that the addition of calcium improved floc properties compared to control reactors with no calcium addition. The reductions in sludge volume index, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), and effluent total suspended solids (TSS) were approximately 35, 34, and 55%, respectively, when the M/D ratio was decreased to approximately 2:1. In addition, the cake solids from a belt filter press simulator increased by 72% and the optimum polymer dose required for conditioning was reduced by 70% in the reactor fed the highest calcium concentration when compared to control reactors with no calcium addition. The addition of calcium also decreased the negative effect of high filamentous organism numbers. In general, the addition of magnesium (Mg2+) had similar effects on effluent quality and dewatering properties, although some differences were measured. A full-scale test using calcium addition was performed. Measurements of effluent quality and floc properties were performed before, during, and after the calcium (Ca2+) addition period. The average M/D ratio during these periods was 6.2, 4.6, and 14.0, respectively. The addition of Ca2+ decreased the effluent five-day biochemical oxygen demand, effluent TSS, and effluent COD. The increased Ca2+ concentration also improved dewatering measured by a decrease in specific resistance to filtration and capillary suction time. Overall, the addition of divalent cations to the pilot- and full-scale activated sludge systems improved floc properties and the data fit well with the DCBT. 相似文献
179.
Changhong Chen Yarong Peng Hongli Wang Qian Wang Shengao Jing Jingyu An Yaqin Gao Cheng Huang Rusha Yan Haixia Dai Tiantao Cheng Qiang Zhang Meng Li Jianlin Hu Zhihao Shi Li Li Shengrong Lou Shikang Tao Qinyao Hu Jun Lu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):794-805
Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region. 相似文献