干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液耦合作用下GCL防渗性能

开展膨胀指数和渗透系数测定试验,研究干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液渗透耦合作用下膨润土的膨胀性能和土工合成黏土衬垫（GCL）防渗性能变化规律.结果表明,干湿循环与垃圾渗滤液渗透耦合作用对膨润土的膨胀性能和GCL的防渗性能具有显著负面影响：在7次干湿循环后,垃圾渗滤液饱和的膨润土的膨胀指数从20mL/2g降低至7.5mL/2g,GCL的渗透系数从1.65×10^-11m/s增加到1.89×10^-7m/s.膨胀指数下降和渗透系数升高的根本原因是膨润土渗透膨胀性能的丧失.单纯的垃圾渗滤液渗透不会改变GCL的渗透系数.将有效应力从20kPa升高至150kPa,可以促使GCL的渗透系数降低4个数量级,满足填埋场防渗要求（< 5.0x10^-11m/s）.     

Sorption behavior of tetracyclines on suspended organic matters originating from swine wastewater

Tetracyclines(TCs) discharged from livestock wastewater have aroused public concerns due to their pharmacological threats to ecosystems and human health. As an important medium in the wastewater, suspended organic matters(SOMs) play vital roles in antibiotics transport and degradation. However, limited information has been reported in the relevant literature. This study investigated TCs sorption behavior on SOM, withdrawn from swine wastewater. High TCs sorption capacities were detected, with the maximum values ranging from 0.337 to 0.679 mg/g. Increasing p H and temperature led to the decline of sorption capacity. Results from three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry revealed that amide and carboxyl groups were the main functional groups for TCs adsorption. The interactions between SOM and TCs were clarified as predominated by hydrogen-bonding and cation-exchange in acid conditions, and electrostatic repulsion in neutral or alkaline conditions. Adsorption kinetics modeling was conducted, and a satisfactory fitting was achieved with the Freundlich equation. These results indicated that the adsorption process was a rather complex process, involving a combination of cation-exchange and hydrogen-bonding. The results will provide a better understanding of the capability of SOM for TCs transport and abatement in the wastewater treatment process.     

Isolation and characterization of a profenofos degrading bacterium

Profenofos, a well known organophosphate pesticide, has been in agricultural use over the last two decades for controlling Lepidopteron pests of cotton and tobacco crops. In this study, a bacterial strain, OW, was isolated from a long term profenofos exposed soil by an enrichment technique, and its ability to degrade profenofos was determined using gas chromatography. The isolated strain OW was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa according to its physiological and biochemical properties, and the analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence. The strain grew well at pH 5.5–7.2 with a broad temperature profile. Bioremediation of profenofos-contaminated soil was examined using soil treated with 200 g/g profenofos, which resulted in a higher degradation rate than control soils without inoculation. In a mineral salt medium (FTW), removal in the level of profenofos of 86.81% was obtained within 48 h of incubation. The intermediates of profenofos metabolism indicated that the degradation occurred through a hydrolysis mechanism, and one of the metabolites was found to be 4 bromo-2-cholorophenol (BCP) which in turn was also mineralized by the strain. The results of this study highlighted the potentiality of P. aeruginosa as a biodegrader which could be used for the bioremediation of profenofos contaminated soil.     

食物粒径与混合方式对多溴联苯醚生物有效性的影响

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类典型的持久性有机污染物(POPs),口服摄入是其主要人体暴露途径。口服生物有效性是污染物健康风险评估中的关键因子。论文采用体外方法模拟食物在人体肠道中的消化过程,研究了食物粒径大小以及食物污染与混合方式对PBDEs生物有效性的影响。在150、150~212、212~250和250μm四个粒径范围的胡萝卜中,PBDEs同系物的平均生物有效性分别为48.8%±3.8%、45.2%±5.0%、38.6%±9.3%和37.3%±3.7%。测得菠菜和鲈鱼采用4种混合方式BY1、BY2、BY3和BY4中PBDEs同系物的平均生物有效性分别为17.1%±1.3%、48.3%±3.5%、36.4%±4.9%和44.4%±2.0%,比单纯菠菜(2.6%±0.2%)和鲈鱼(36.3%±4.3%)中的生物有效性高。结果表明,PBDEs的生物有效性随着胡萝卜粒径的增大而减小;不同污染方式再混合食品,比单一食品被污染时,PBDEs的生物有效性更高。     

内分泌干扰物的非单一剂量-效应研究进展

传统毒理学理论认为,有毒物质产生毒害作用的剂量-效应关系是线性单调的,线性剂量-效应关系也是目前管理毒理学中计算化学品安全剂量的理论基础。但越来越多的研究显示,内分泌干扰物的剂量-效应关系通常不是线性的,而是U型、倒U型或更复杂的非单调剂量-效应曲线形式。以典型案例的形式介绍了近年来生理激素和内分泌干扰物非单调剂量-效应的研究进展,总结了目前认为形成非单调剂量-效应关系的机制。在此基础上,讨论了内分泌干扰物的非单一剂量-效应给目前管理毒理学中的化学品风险评价带来的挑战,并提出该领域未来的研究方向。     

有机废水有效微生物处理实验研究

应用有效微生物对高浓度有机工业废水进行处理实验,初步探讨了影响有效微生物废水处理的几个重要主其特点。首先对有效微生物进行驯化,然后进行工业废水处理实验。结果表明,采取间歇式曝气,采取间歇式曝气,接种量为１／５０００,酸度控制在偏酸性范围,与常规废水处理相比,具有节约能源、废泥产生量少、除臭等特点。     

超滤法处理含乳化油废液

采用板框式超滤装置对钢管玫冷却用乳化油废液进行处理试验,结果表明,板框式超滤器在压力低于０．４０ＭＰａ,运行温度４０－４５℃条件下,配用ＰＳＦ超滤膜,可将乳化油废液一次连续浓缩,含油量由２％增至４０－５０％,体积２０倍,超滤平均通量５－２０Ｌ（ｍ＾２．ｈ）＾－１,渗透液中含油量降至１００ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１以下,油分截留率大于９９％,ＣＯＤ截留率大于９０％     

Ruthenium-driven catalysis for sustainable water decontamination: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The worldwide demand for clean water is rising worldwide, yet wastewater decontamination is actually limited by the presence of refractory organic and inorganic...     

硼矿脱除废气中二氧化硫的研究

研究硼矿脱硫的工艺条件,提出用低品位硼矿脱除废气中二氧化硫,单塔脱硫率在80％以上,硼矿三氧化二硼品位提高一倍,该法经济合理,有利于资源综合利用.     

中国排污权交易的法制建设探讨——以浙江省为例

分析了浙江省排污权交易试点工作中存在的问题,探讨了美国、欧盟等国家和地区的排污权交易法制建设对中国的启示,对国家、地方2个层面进行了排污权交易法制建设的构想。最后,对浙江省排污权交易的法制建设进行了具体设计,并对排污权交易的法制建设提出了可操作性建议。