Incinerating Volatile Organic Compounds with Ferrospinel Catalyst MnFe2O4: An Example with Isopropyl Alcohol

Abstract

This paper concerns the incineration of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using the ferrospinel catalyst MnFe₂O₄. It covers the preparation of the ferrospinel catalyst, the screening of catalytic activity, catalytic incineration testing, and 72-hr decay testing of the catalyst. The experimental results of catalyst screening reveal that the Mn/Fe catalyst is the best of five prepared catalysts (chromium/iron [Cr/Fe], manganese/iron [Mn/Fe], zinc/iron [Zn/Fe], nickel/iron [Ni/Fe], and pure magnetite [Fe₃O₄]). In tests of the catalytic incineration system used to convert IPA, 98% conversion was obtained at a space velocity of 24,000 hr^?1, an oxygen (O₂) content of 21%, 1700 ppm of IPA, and a reaction temperature of 200 °C.     

渗滤液氨氮在地下咸水环境中的迁移过程

海滨填埋场是沿海地区垃圾处理的一个重要选择,但其渗滤液泄漏引发的地下环境污染具有一定的独特性。以渗滤液中长时间保持高浓度的氨氮作为指标,通过构建砂箱实验,探讨咸水条件下氨氮在地下环境中的迁移转化过程。结果表明,在地下水环境中,渗滤液氨氮较易沿水流水平方向扩散,扩散速度随空间推移不断降低,从开始的4 cm/d降低到出水处的3.2 cm/d;其衰减率沿饱和区、过渡区、调整区依次增高;同时其衰减率随时间的增加不断降低,在实验的第15、25、35、45和55天,分别为100%、98.7%、95.6%、91.8%和83.5%。     

Increase of multi-metal tolerance of three leguminous plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the growth and metal uptake of three leguminous plants (Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania cannabina, Medicago sativa) grown in multi-metal contaminated soil. AMF colonization increased the growth of the legumes, indicating that AMF colonization increased the plant’s resistance to heavy metals. It also significantly stimulated the formation of root nodules and increased the N and P uptake of all of the tested leguminous plants, which might be one of the tolerance mechanisms conferred by AMF. Compared with the control, colonization by G. mosseae decreased the concentration of metals, such as Cu, in the shoots of the three legumes, indicating that the decreased heavy metals uptake and growth dilution were induced by AMF treatment, thereby reducing the heavy metal toxicity to the plants. The root/shoot ratios of Cu in the three legumes and Zn in M. sativa were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with AMF colonization, indicating that heavy metals were immobilized by the mycorrhiza and the heavy metal translocations to the shoot were decreased.     

Revealing photon transmission in an ultraviolet reactor: Advanced approaches for measuring fluence rate distribution in water for model validation

Fluence rate (FR) distribution (optical field) is of great significance in the optimal design of ultraviolet (UV) reactors for disinfection or oxidation processes in water treatment. Since the 1970s, various simulation models have been developed, which can be combined with computational fluidic dynamic software to calculate the fluence delivered in a UV reactor. These models strive for experimental validation and further improvement, which is a major challenge for UV technology in water treatment. Herein, a review of the simulation models of the FR distribution in a UV reactor and the applications of the current main experimental measurement approaches including conventional flat-type UV detector, spherical actinometer, and micro-fluorescent silica detector (MFSD), is presented. Moreover, FR distributions in a UV reactor are compared between various simulation models and MFSD measurements. In addition, the main influential factors on the FR distribution, including inner-wall reflection, refraction and shadowing effects of adjacent lamps, and turbidity effect are discussed, which is helpful for improving the accuracy of the simulation models and avoiding dark regions in the reactor design. This paper provides an overview on the simulation models and measurement approaches for the FR distribution, which is helpful for the model selection in fluence calculations and gives high confidence on the optimal design of UV reactors in regard to present methods.     

包埋固定化硝化污泥对氨氮的去除效果研究

运用海藻酸钠添加硅藻精土的方法,将低温13~14℃下驯化的硝化污泥制成的包埋固定化微生物凝胶小球,投入简易SBR反应器中,通过平行试验比较了低温条件下同等污泥浓度的普通SBR反应器(N1)与投加了少量固定化小球的SBR反应器(N2)的氨氮去除效果。研究结果表明,在相同的运行条件下,投加了5g固定化小球的N2反应器的氨氮去除率较N1反应器平均提高了12%以上,而投加了10g固定化小球的N2反应器的氨氮去除率进一步提高,氨氮去除率较N1反应器提高了20%。实验中通过改变进水氨氮浓度,证明添加了小球的SBR工艺对较高浓度的氨氮有较强的适应性。     

加强环境监测的全过程质量管理

质量管理是环境监测赖以生存和发展的基础,目前,环境监测质管工作中“重结果、轻过程”的问题仍然普遍存在,加强全过程质量管理才能确保监测数据的准确性和可靠性,为实现环境资源的可持续利用提供强有力的技术支撑。文章叙述了环境监测质量管理的发展概况,引出全过程质量管理的概念,提出从提高全员质量意识、建立健全质量管理体系、实施全过程的质量保证、加大质控工作力度等几方面加强环境监测的全过程质量管理,从而提升环境监测机构整体质量管理水平。     

浅谈龙江县人为水土流失的防治对策

本文分析了龙江县水土流失的成因及危害,并提出了机关的防治对策,对今后的水土保养、合理开发有一定的借鉴作用.     

引水工程前后西湖流场的数值模拟研究

采用Delft 3D水动力学计算模型,对西湖西进工程前后的流场进行了模拟,计算结果与实测资料较为吻合,模型真实可靠.各种工况下的流场模拟结果表明在不考虑风场的情况下,各进出水口的流量和位置决定了西湖的流场结构,而流场结构决定了水体的推移扩散规律.总体上,南湖水体推移扩散效果最好,西里湖、外湖和岳湖次之,北里湖最差,基本不能被置换.西湖水体的置换效果主要取决于可被置换区域的面积和引水量,而可被置换区域大小主要取决于流场结构.因此,在引水量不变的前提下,优化西湖水体置换效果的根本途径就是调整进出水口位置和流量大小,以改变流场结构.     

风景区中影视拍摄的环境规制研究

影视剧组在风景区的拍摄活动,往往造成风景区的环境破坏。文章首先对风景区中影视拍摄所造成的破坏类型进行分析,然后从相关责任主体方面探讨造成该问题的原因,最后根据环境规制发展的趋势,提出风景区中影视拍摄的规制对策：政府部门的强制性规制和影视剧组的自愿性规制两者相结合。