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191.
Grohé C Chaimanee Y de Bonis L Yamee C Blondel C Jaeger JJ 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(11):1003-1015
We report new dental remains of Mustelidae from the late middle Miocene of Mae Moh Basin, northern Thailand, improving the
poor fossil record of the family in Southeast Asia. Siamogale thailandica is a poorly known mustelid, previously recorded from just a single tooth. Here we present over a hundred new specimens attributable
to this species. S. thailandica shows a combination of primitive and convergent features of the dentition that makes its original subfamilial assignment
to Lutrinae doubtful. Evidence from the dental morphology suggests that it belongs to a bunodont otter-like mustelid that
evolved in convergence with “true” otters (Lutrinae) toward a semi-aquatic way of life. Autapomorphic features such as the
height and the position of the m1 metaconid and the shape of the P4 lingual shelf make S. thailandica unique among Mustelidae. The morphology of this species is mostly similar to Mionictis species and Lartetictis dubia, reported in the Miocene of North America and Europe, respectively. These similarities could imply immigration events to
Thailand in the early or middle Miocene. Alternately, the lineage leading to Siamogale might have deeper origins from an endemic early Miocene Southeast Asian mustelid. 相似文献
192.
Testing the robustness of management decisions to uncertainty: Everglades restoration scenarios. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Michael M Fuller Louis J Gross Scott M Duke-Sylvester Mark Palmer 《Ecological applications》2008,18(3):711-723
To effectively manage large natural reserves, resource managers must prepare for future contingencies while balancing the often conflicting priorities of different stakeholders. To deal with these issues, managers routinely employ models to project the response of ecosystems to different scenarios that represent alternative management plans or environmental forecasts. Scenario analysis is often used to rank such alternatives to aid the decision making process. However, model projections are subject to uncertainty in assumptions about model structure, parameter values, environmental inputs, and subcomponent interactions. We introduce an approach for testing the robustness of model-based management decisions to the uncertainty inherent in complex ecological models and their inputs. We use relative assessment to quantify the relative impacts of uncertainty on scenario ranking. To illustrate our approach we consider uncertainty in parameter values and uncertainty in input data, with specific examples drawn from the Florida Everglades restoration project. Our examples focus on two alternative 30-year hydrologic management plans that were ranked according to their overall impacts on wildlife habitat potential. We tested the assumption that varying the parameter settings and inputs of habitat index models does not change the rank order of the hydrologic plans. We compared the average projected index of habitat potential for four endemic species and two wading-bird guilds to rank the plans, accounting for variations in parameter settings and water level inputs associated with hypothetical future climates. Indices of habitat potential were based on projections from spatially explicit models that are closely tied to hydrology. For the American alligator, the rank order of the hydrologic plans was unaffected by substantial variation in model parameters. By contrast, simulated major shifts in water levels led to reversals in the ranks of the hydrologic plans in 24.1-30.6% of the projections for the wading bird guilds and several individual species. By exposing the differential effects of uncertainty, relative assessment can help resource managers assess the robustness of scenario choice in model-based policy decisions. 相似文献
193.
Quintin Williams Jr. Author Vitae Michele Ochsner Author Vitae Author Vitae Louis Kimmel Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(3):253-261
Background
Immigrant Latino day laborers working in residential construction are at particularly high risk of fatal and non-fatal traumatic injury and benefit from targeted training.Objective
To understand the impact of a participatory, peer-facilitated health and safety awareness training customized to the needs of Latino day laborers.Methods
Baseline surveys exploring exposures, PPE use, attitudes, work practices and work-related injuries were collected from more than 300 New Jersey Latino day laborers in construction prior to their participation in a one day (minimum of six hour) Spanish language health and safety training class. The classes, led by trained worker trainers, engaged participants in a series of tasks requiring teamwork and active problem solving focused on applying safe practices to situations they encounter at their worksites. Follow-up surveys were difficult to obtain among mobile day laborers, and were collected from 70 men (22% response rate) 2-6 months following training. Chi-square analysis was used to compare pre- and post-intervention PPE use, self protective actions, and self-reported injury rates. Focus groups and in-depth interviews addressing similar issues provided a context for discussing the survey findings.Results
At baseline, the majority of day laborers who participated in this study reported great concern about the hazards of their work and were receptive to learning about health and safety despite limited influence over employers. Changes from baseline to follow-up revealed statistically significant differences in the use of certain types of PPE (hard hats, work boots with steel toes, safety harnesses, and visible safety vests), and in the frequency of self-protective work practices (e.g., trying to find out more about job hazards on your own). There was also a suggestive decrease in self-reported injuries (receiving an injury at work serious enough that you had to stop working for the rest of the day) post-training based on small numbers. Sixty-six percent of workers surveyed post-training reported sharing information from their safety workbook with friends and co-workers. Focus groups and interview results generally confirmed the quantitative findings.Conclusions
Participatory, peer led training tailored to the needs of construction day laborers may have a positive effect on Latino immigrant workers’ attitudes, work practices, and self reported injury rates, but major changes would require employer engagement.Impact on Industry
Health and safety researchers have identified reducing the number of traumatic injuries among the immigrant construction workforce as an increasingly important priority. This project provides one model for collaboration between university-based researchers, a union, and a community-based organization. The specific elements of this project—participatory curriculum customized to the needs of day laborers in residential construction, training day laborers to facilitate training classes, and involving peer leaders in outreach and research—could be adapted by other organizations. The findings of this study suggest that the Latino day laborers have a strong interest in and some ability to act on health and safety information. Widespread implementation of this type of training, especially if supported with cooperation from residential contractors, could lead to reduced rates of traumatic injury in the residential construction industry. 相似文献194.
Lisa J. Molnar Author Vitae David W. Eby Author Vitae Author Vitae Renée M. St. Louis Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2010,41(4):367-373
Introduction
Self-screening by older drivers has shown considerable promise for increasing self-awareness about functional abilities associated with safe driving. The purpose of this study was to improve upon existing self-screening instruments by focusing entirely on “health concerns” that affect driving - that is, the symptoms that people experience due to medical conditions and the medications used to treat them - rather than the medical conditions or medications themselves.Method
A computer-based, easy-to-use self-screening instrument for older drivers was developed to provide individualized feedback intended to increase self-awareness about declines in driving-related abilities, as well as suggestions for behavioral changes or safety tips to maintain safe driving, further evaluation from a physician/health professional, and vehicle modifications to help compensate for driving-related declines.Results
This paper describes the development of the self-screening instrument and summarizes findings relative to increasing self-awareness among older drivers. This research represents an important first step in improving self-awareness among older drivers through self-screening. 相似文献195.
An evolving body of evidence suggests an adverse relation between persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) and menstruation, though prospective longitudinal measurement of menses is limited and served as the impetus for study. We prospectively assessed the relation between a mixture of persistent organochlorine compounds and menstrual cycle length and duration of bleeding in a cohort of women attempting to become pregnant. Eighty-three (83%) women contributing 447 cycles for analysis provided a blood specimen for the quantification of 76 polychlorinated biphenyls and seven organochlorine pesticides, and completed daily diaries on menstruation until a human chorionic gonadotropin confirmed pregnancy or 12 menstrual cycles without conception. Gas chromatography with electron capture detection was used to quantify concentrations (ng g−1 serum); enzymatic methods were used to quantify serum lipids (mg dL−1). A linear regression model with a mixture distribution was used to identify chemicals grouped by purported biologic activity that significantly affected menstrual cycle length and duration of bleeding adjusting for age at menarche and enrollment, body mass index, and cigarette smoking.A significant 3-d increase in cycle length was observed for women in the highest tertile of estrogenic PCB congeners relative to the lowest tertile (β = 3.20; 95% CI 0.36, 6.04). A significant reduction in bleeding (<1 d) was observed among women in the highest versus lowest tertile of aromatic fungicide exposure (γ = −0.15; 95% CI −0.29, −0.00). Select POPs were associated with changes in menstruation underscoring the importance of assessing chemical mixtures for female fecundity. 相似文献
196.
Li Yafei Zhou Can Wang Shizhong Lin Qingqi Ni Zhuobiao Qiu Hao Morel Jean Louis Qiu Rongliang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25985-25999
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The large-scale use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in medicines or disinfectants can lead to their release into the environment, posing a... 相似文献
197.
Thomalla Frank Lebel Louis Boyland Michael Marks Danny Kimkong Ham Tan Sinh Bach Nugroho Agus 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(4):1211-1222
Regional Environmental Change - Most studies of major disasters focus on the impacts of the event and the short-term responses. Some evaluate the underlying causes of vulnerability, but few... 相似文献
198.
Hardiman Nigel Dietz Kristina Charlotte Bride Ian Passfield Louis 《Environmental management》2017,59(1):68-76
Environmental Management - Land managers of natural areas are under pressure to balance demands for increased recreation access with protection of the natural resource. Unintended dispersal of... 相似文献
199.
200.
Deliberation and Scale in Mekong Region Water Governance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Understanding the politics of deliberation, scales, and levels is crucial to understanding the social complexity of water-related
governance. Deliberative processes might complement and inform more conventional representational and bureaucratic approaches
to planning and decision-making. However, they are also subject to scale and level politics, which can confound institutionalized
decision-making. Scale and level contests arise in dialogues and related arenas because different actors privilege particular
temporal or spatial scales and levels in their analysis, arguments, and responses. Scale contests might include whether to
privilege administrative, hydrological, ecosystem, or economic boundaries. Level contests might include whether to privilege
the subdistrict or the province, the tributary watershed or the international river basin, a river or a biogeographic region,
and the local or the regional economy. In the Mekong Region there is a recurrent demand for water resources development projects
and major policies proposed by governments and investors to be scrutinized in public. Deliberative forms of engagement are
potentially very helpful because they encourage supporters and critics to articulate assumptions and reasoning about the different
opportunities and risks associated with alternative options, and in doing so, they often traverse and enable higher-quality
conversations within and across scales and within and between levels. Six case studies from the Mekong Region are examined.
We find evidence that scale and level politics affects the context, process, content, and outcomes of deliberative engagement
in a region where public deliberation is still far from being a norm, particularly where there are sensitive and far-reaching
choices to be made about water use and energy production. 相似文献