Risk Assessment of Carbon Sequestration for Terrestrial Ecosystems in China

Abstract

Climate change will alter the capacity of carbon sequestration, and the risk assessment of carbon sequestration for terrestrial ecosystems will be helpful to the decision-making for climate change countermeasures and international climate negotiations. Based on the net ecosystem productivity of terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Atmosphere Vegetation Integrated Model, each grid of the risk criterion was set by time series trend analysis. Then the risks of carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystems were investigated. The results show that, in the IPCCSRES-B2 climate scenario, climate change will bring risks of carbon sequestration, and the high-risk level will dominate terrestrial ecosystems. The risk would expand with the increase of warming degree. By the end of the long-term of this century, about 60% of the whole country will face the risk; Northwest China, mountainous areas in Northeast China, middle and lower reaches plain of Yangtze River areas, Southwest China and Southeast China tend to be extremely vulnerable. Risk levels in most regions are likely to grow with the increase of warming degree, and this increase will mainly occur during the near-term to mid-term. Northwest China will become an area of high risks, and deciduous coniferous forests, temperate mixed forests and desert grassland tend to be extremely vulnerable.     

The disappearing sustainability triangle: community level considerations

This article challenges the application of the sustainability triangle to conceptualise sustainable development by looking at how weak sustainability can be obtained via the reinforcing increase in social capital and natural capital. Sustainable development is often visualised as a triangle consisting of social, environmental, and economic aspects. Would it be possible to conceive a flattened system, with diminishing economic resources or without refilling financial resources? The possibility involves mutual reinforcement between social capital and natural capital. The consideration of the diminishing economic dimension relates to the concept of development without economic growth, such as degrowth, zero-growth, and sustainable growth, that has been revived in the face of the recent economic crisis. Several countries have imposed extreme budget cuts in development collaboration and in other government expenditures. When the economic resource is not at a satisfactory level, can we rely on the reinforcement between social and environmental aspects for sustainability? Although it is not new to acknowledge the contribution of social capital to environmental conservation, research has long ignored the reinforcing relationship between environmental and social dimensions. This article provides a prototype model to demonstrate how social capital and natural capital can reinforce each other. The prototype is studied and verified at the community level using a comparative method. This article concludes with principles and practices that may encourage sustainability with merely the reinforcement between social capital and natural capital.     

不同年份太湖水域全氟化合物健康风险源解析对比

基于2010年和2019年太湖水样中全氟化合物（PFASs）的数据,对比了不同年份水体中PFASs的组分特征、来源和健康风险,并使用PMF源解析模型分别对2010年和2019年太湖水样中的PFASs进行了源解析,均识别出3种主要污染源,分别为涂料制造业（2010年29.59%,贡献率,下同,2019年67.69%）、纺织与电镀业（2010年25.68%,2019年10.26%）和氟化物加工制造业（2010年44.72%,2019年22.05%）.利用环境健康风险评估模型对水体中的PFASs （PFOA和PFOS）进行评价,发现2019年水体中PFASs的致癌风险（2.69E-07）明显小于2010年的风险值（4.56E-07）,且鱼类摄入是重要暴露途径.采用PMF-健康风险混合模型解析了3种排放源的健康风险贡献率,结果表明纺织与电镀业源对健康风险的贡献率最高（2010年64.86%,2019年92.48%）,其次是涂料制造业源（2010年为31.30%,2019年为5.04%）和氟化物加工制造业源（2010年3.84%,2019年2.48%）.相比于2010年,2019年水体中PFOA和PFOS等组分浓度大大降低,而PFBS和PFHxS浓度则大幅度升高,这与我国出台的PFOA和PFOS污染物的管控措施直接相关.建议加强对PFHxS等短链PFASs开展健康风险评估研究,适时采取合理的污染防控措施.     

海水痕量营养盐和金属的分子光谱分析方法研究进展

海洋现场观测是获取海洋环境研究数据的重要途径.鉴于海洋的现场环境严酷复杂,以及采集、储存和运输海水样品的困难,海洋化学参数的现场和原位检测一直为海洋学家所追求,成为海水分析技术的研究热点.通过综述近年来海水痕量营养盐和重要痕量金属的分子光谱分析方法的研究进展,从灵敏度和测定范围等方面,总结痕量营养盐（活性磷、亚硝氮、硝氮、铵态氮）和痕量金属（铁、锰、铜、铝）的分析技术,侧重于现场和原位测定方法,聚焦于分光光度法、荧光法和化学发光法等适用于海洋现场的光学检测方法的研究情况,同时展示这些方法及相应仪器在岸基实验室、船基实验室、海洋走航分析以及原位长期观测中的应用实例;并对现存的关键问题及可能的解决方案进行探讨,对本领域今后的发展方向做出展望.     

基于水化学与硫同位素的卡林型金矿区岩溶水文地球化学特征及控制因素

采矿活动通过抽排改变地下水水位和流动条件,促进了地下水与含水层岩石之间的相互作用,同时矿山排水排入地表水系,从而影响整个岩溶水系统的水文地球化学过程.基于水文地球化学和δ³⁴ S同位素,揭示了典型卡林型金矿区及其周边矿山废水、岩溶地下水、地表水等水文地球化学过程、特征及其主要控制因子.结果表明,未受金矿开采活动影响的地下水和地表水的丰、枯水期水化学组分主要受灰岩和白云质灰岩风化作用控制,离子以Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和HCO₃^-为主,水化学类型均为Ca-HCO₃型.而矿山废水及其下游受纳水体受碳酸盐和硅酸盐矿物溶蚀与离子交换作用影响,离子以Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Na⁺和SO₄^2-为主,水化学类型由Ca-HCO₃型逐步演化为Ca-SO₄型.受矿山开采影响的各类水体中SO₄^2-是特征组分,SO₄^2-浓度在井下呈现从上至下逐渐降低的显著规律.未受矿山废水影响的地下水和地表水δ³⁴ S值偏正,SO₄^2-主要来源于雄黄矿的氧化,而矿山废水及其下游受纳水体δ³⁴ S值偏负,SO₄^2-主要受雄黄矿氧化和大气降水两个端元混合作用的影响,黄铁矿也有一定贡献.同时,各类水体的NO₃^-源于农业化肥施用和农村生活污水直排的输入.     

Relationship between exposure of alkylphenols in serum of pregnant women during early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Alkylphenols are a type of endocrine disruptors, which are commonly found in personal care products, food, and water and are more harmful to the human...     

Yard waste prediction from estimated municipal solid waste using the grey theory to achieve a zero-waste strategy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Yard waste is one of the key components of municipal solid waste and can play a vital role in implementing zero-waste strategy to achieve sustainable...     

Assessment of major food crops production-based environmental efficiency in China,India, and Pakistan

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Global warming and food security have led to increasing concern about agricultural crop production efficiency, especially wheat and rice farming. The...     

Efficient degradation of semi-coking wastewater in three-dimensional electro-Fenton by CuFe2O4 heterocatalyst

Semi-coking wastewater contains a rich source of toxic and refractory compounds. Three-dimensional electro-Fenton (3D/EF) process used CuFe₂O₄ as heterocatalyst and activated carbon (AC) as particle electrode was constructed for degrading semi-coking wastewater greenly and efficiently. CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS). Factors like dosage of CuFe₂O₄, applied voltage, dosage of AC and pH, which effect COD removal rate of semi-coking waste water were studied. The results showed that COD removal rate reached to 80.9% by 3D/EF process at the optimum condition: 4 V, 0.3 g of CuFe₂O₄, 1 g of AC and pH?=?3. Trapping experiment suggesting that hydroxyl radical (?OH) is the main active radical. The surface composition and chemical states of the fresh and used CuFe₂O₄ were analyzed by XPS indicating that Fe, Cu, and O species are involved into the 3D/EF process. Additionally, anode oxidation and the adsorption and catalysis of AC are also contributed to the bleaching of semi-coking waste water. The possible mechanisms of 3D/EF for degrading semi-coking waste water by CuFe₂O₄ heterocatalyst were proposed.

     

Urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and phthalate metabolite mixtures in relation to semen quality among men attending an infertility clinic

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Previous studies have reported that exposure to phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is individually associated with altered semen...