Method and mechanism of chromium removal from soil: a systematic review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal pollution has increasingly affected human life, and the treatment of heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution, is still a...     

Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of two novel pesticides on amphibian, Rana N. Hallowell

Imidacloprid [1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitro-imidazolidin-2-ylideneamine] and RH-5849 [2'-benzoyl-l'-tert-butylbenzoylhydrazinel] are two pesticides used in China since 1992. In the present study we conducted acute toxicity test, micronucleus (MN) test and comet assay of the two pesticides on amphibian, Rana N. Hallowell, a sensitive organism suitable for acting as the bio-indicator of aquatic and agricultural ecosystems. The values of LC50-48 h of imidacloprid were found to be 165 mg l(-1) for tadpoles of Rana limnocharis and 219 mg l(-1) for tadpoles of Rana N. Hallowell. On the other hand, RH-5849 showed no acute toxicity to tadpoles during the 96 h exposure even it was saturated in the test solutions. There were significant differences in the MN frequencies between the negative controls and the treated groups at the dose of 8 mg l(-1) for imidacloprid (p < 0.05) and 40 mg l(-1) for RH-5849 (p < 0.01). Comet assay found significant differences (p < 0.01) in the distributions of DNA damage grades between the negative controls and groups treated in vitro with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg l(-1) of imidacloprid and 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg l(-1) of RH-5849, respectively. DNA damage scores increased with the exposure levels of the two pesticides and dose-effect relationships were observed for both imidacloprid (r2 = 0.92) and RH-5849 (r2 = 0.98). The MN test and comet assay revealed potential adverse effects of the two pesticides on DNA in the erythrocytes of amphibians in aquatic and agricultural ecosystems.     

环境污染物的分子毒理机制研究进展

以分子生物学技术为基础研究污染物的毒理机制．从分子水平揭示了污染物毒作用的本质。综述了国内外分子毒理机制的研究进展。详细阐述了毒理芯片、单细胞凝胶电泳等分子生物学技术应用与毒理学研究中的特点、应用前景以及存在的问题。提出了分子毒理机制今后的研究方向。     

有机固体废物堆肥化处理的微生物学机理研究

由于符合持续发展的理念 ,利用微生物技术处理有机固体废物越来越受到人们的重视 ,其核心问题则是木质纤维素的生物降解。随着园林废物等高木质纤维素含量的城市生活垃圾的不断增加 ,以及对农业固体废物和食品工业废物再利用的需要 ,这一领域的研究取得了很大的进展。在研究中 ,针对好氧堆肥和厌氧发酵 2项主要的微生物处理技术 ,对其优势微生物菌群、不同降解底物和微生物降解动力学方面的最新研究进展进行了回顾和总结 ,并对环境微生物制剂的应用以及有机固体废物的微生物处理技术的发展做了合理的展望。     

Distribution and bioavailability of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic ecosystem model

Along with the increasing utilization of engineered nanoparticles, there is a growing concern for the potential environmental and health effects of exposure to these newly designed materials. Understanding the behavior of nanoparticles in the environment is a basic need. The present study aims to investigate the distribution and fate of ceria nanoparticles in an aquatic system model which consists of sediments, water, hornworts, fish and snails, using a radiotracer technique. Concentrations of ceria in the samples at regular time intervals were measured. Ceria nanoparticles were readily removed from the water column and partitioned between different organisms. Both snail and fish have fast absorption and clearance abilities. Hornwort has the highest bioaccumulation factors. At the end of the experiment, sediments accumulated most of the nanoparticles with a recovery of 75.7 ± 27.3% of total ceria nanoparticles, suggesting that sediments are major sinks of ceria nanoparticles.     

Comparison of an assay for Dehalococcoides DNA and a microcosm study in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in the field

The study aims to compare the detection of 16S rRNA gene of Dehalococcoides species and the microcosm study for biotransformation in predicting reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes in ground water at hazardous waste sites. A total of 72 ground water samples were collected from 12 PCE or TCE contaminated sites in the United States. The samples were analyzed and used to construct microcosms in the laboratory. The results showed that the presence of Dehalococcoides DNA was well associated with dechlorination to ethene in the field. Nearly half of the wells where Dehalococcoides DNA was detected had ethene as a dechlorination end product. In comparison, for ground water samples of 16 wells where ethene was detected, ethene was produced in 11 of the corresponding microcosms. For most microcosms, during two years of incubation, dechlorination was less extensive than that observed in the field.     

活性赤泥颗粒吸附除磷的效能与机制研究

以赤泥为主要原料,进行活化处理后,以粉煤灰为激发剂,膨润土（皂土）为黏结剂,碳酸氢钠为发泡剂制成不同配比的9种活化赤泥颗粒。将9种新型的活化赤泥颗粒吸附材料通过L₉（3⁴）正交试验进行对比,比较其对水体中磷的去除效果。结果表明,以吸附8 h后磷的吸附量为评价标准,在磷初始浓度为6.0 mg/L,pH为8.0时,配方8的赤泥颗粒对磷的吸附量为1.0 mg/g,对磷的去除率约为83.7％;而配方3的赤泥颗粒对磷的吸附量仅为0.1 mg/g,对磷的去除率约为7.2％。通过红外光谱法和XRD（X-衍射）对2种焙烧赤泥颗粒吸附材料的理化特性进行了表征和比较,发现焙烧后赤泥颗粒表面产生带有-OH官能团,可与磷酸根在溶液中发生配体交换反应而实现吸附。赤泥比例是影响吸附效果的关键因素。     

突发环境事件风险源识别与监控技术创新进展——（I）环境风险源识别技术与应用

环境风险防控与环境风险源管理是我国当前环境管理的重要工作之一。为了防控重大环境污染事件、实现环境风险源有序管理、科学决策,开展了重大环境污染事件风险源识别监控与管理技术的研发创新。借鉴国外环境风险源管理经验,遵循环境风险源“分类、分级、分区”管理原则,研发了环境风险源分类、识别与定量分级方法,实现了典型化工园区、特大城市及全国尺度的环境风险源分级,初步提出了全国石化化工行业重点风险企业名单。开发了环境风险源综合管理系统,以期为重点风险源监管、环境风险防控提供技术支持。