基于灰色关联分析的杭州市造纸企业环境资源量化评价实证研究

根据杭州市2013年环境统计年鉴相关数据,以发展经济学理论为指导,建立杭州市造纸企业环境资源量化评价指标体系,利用灰色关联分析方法对杭州市216家企业的环境资源综合情况进行排序,并根据排序结果进行讨论分析,为相关决策部门提供参考.通过研究得出,杭州市造纸企业按照评价体系分为三档类型进行管理.第一档企业为先进企业,优先支持;第二档为一般企业,主要是整治提升;第三档为落后企业,关停淘汰.     

六氯苯和重金属复合污染沉积物的电动力学修复研究

以某化工厂排污沟渠中受六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene,HCB)、锌和镍复合污染的实际沉积物为对象,研究非离子表面活性剂OP-10对沉积物中污染物的增溶解吸效果和电动力学修复污染物的强化迁移效果。解吸实验结果表明:OP-10对HCB增溶解吸效果较好,对重金属离子的解吸有一定的促进作用。电动力学修复发现,随电渗析流进入沉积物中的OP-10很快的吸附在靠近阳极沉积物上,从而阻碍了助剂的输送并影响HCB的迁移,而靠近阴极区域沉积物中的有机质迁移会促进HCB的去除。沉积物pH变化引起的重金属沉淀是制约锌迁移的主要因素。镍的整体迁移效果不明显。     

个旧地区环境中氡水平及其与地质特点的关系

为了研究个旧地区环境中氡的浓度及分布、运移规律,采用ＳＳＮＴＤ方法,于１９９０－１９９２年间在个旧地区进行了氡的环境地质野外考察和土壤、居室内布点监测,共获４７９个数据。结果表明,尽管在个旧地区未发现铀、钍矿物,土壤氡水平普遍超过世界地壳土壤氡水平均值。居民室内氡水平均值高达４７１．９Ｂｑ·ｍ－３,远高于我国部分省、市近年来所测氡水平值,位于断裂带的居室氡水平高于远离断裂带的居室。个旧地区室内氡夏季高,冬季低,与一些国内、外有关报道结果相反。氡水平与楼层高度呈正相关,顶层为底层的２．７０倍。调查结果可能与个旧地区的环境地质因素有关。建议采取远离地质断裂带建房和防止上升气流逸入室内的防氡辐射进而防癌的措施。     

建筑陶瓷碳计量与优化模型研究

采用投入产出分析方法和目标规划方法,以某建陶企业为代表,建立了建筑陶瓷产业投入产出模型及低碳优化模型,利用投入产出模型计量和预估了建筑陶瓷产业关键环节碳排放和产品碳足迹;应用低碳优化模型对建筑陶瓷企业的产品计划进行了低碳优化.结果表明,建筑陶瓷企业年二氧化碳排放量达182 543.9 t,单位产品碳排放量多于国外先进水平10%以上;影响建筑陶瓷产业二氧化碳排放的关键环节为烧成和喷雾干燥过程,烧成和喷雾干燥过程排放的二氧化碳占总排放的80%以上;3种建筑陶瓷产品中,坯砖、抛光砖、釉面砖的万平米产量碳足迹依次为150.2、168.0、159.6 t.建筑陶瓷企业经低碳模型优化后可以在保证同样利润的同时降低5.4%的碳排放,也可以在保证碳排放相同的条件下使利润提高5.6%.     

Factors influencing the contents of metals and As in soils around the watershed of Guanting Reservoir, China

Topsoil samples from 61 sites around the Guanting Reservoir,China,were measured for Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As concentrations.The mean concentrations of Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb and As were 16.8,59.4,37.8,18.3,0.32,20.1 and 8.67 mg/kg dry weight,respectively.Factors that influence the dynamics of these metals in soils around the watersheds of Beijing reservoirs were examined.The influence of atmospheric deposition,land use,soil texture,soil type and soil chemical parameters on metal contents in soils was investigated.Atmospheric deposition,land use and soil texture were the important factors affecting heavy metal residues.Soil type and soil chemical parameters were also involved in heavy metal retention in soils.The data provided in this study are considered crucial for reservoir remediation,especially since the Guanting Reservoir will serve as one of the main drinking water sources for Beijing in the foreseeable future.     

土工膜渗漏定位方法研究

对偶极子法电极形状和外形尺寸以及其他影响定位的因素进行了深入研究.结果表明:偶极子的检测电压与偶极子的外形尺寸关系不大.偶极子检测电压最大值出现在偶极子中心与漏洞的距离等于偶极子间距的1/2处,并且偶极子的间距越大,检测电压越高.偶极子下沿距离HDPE膜越近,检测电压变化越明显.在多漏洞的情况下,当偶极子的间距小于漏洞间距时,2个漏洞都能被检测出来;当2个漏洞间距小于偶极子间距时,将可能漏检1个漏洞.膜上供电电极的位置对漏洞定位有一定的影响,在测量时应尽可能将供电电极远离测量区.      

PE微塑料对土壤水分入渗的影响及入渗模型适宜性评价

为探究微塑料对土壤水分入渗过程的影响,通过室内土柱模拟试验,设置5组微塑料添加处理(0,1,2,4,6g/kg),研究了不同微塑料含量对湿润锋运移和累积入渗量的影响,并进一步评价了主要入渗模型在微塑料污染土壤中的适用性.结果表明,湿润锋运移速率随着微塑料含量的增加呈现出先减小后增加的特征,当含量达到T2时(微塑料含量2...     

地方政府地震风险预防与应急准备:实践、挑战及对策——基于广东河源市的分析

地震是广东河源市常见的自然灾害,频发的地震和作为城市重大风险源的新丰江水库可能诱发地震的双重影响对河源市地震应急预防准备工作提出严峻挑战,提升河源市政府和相关部门的地震应急能力尤为重要。根据对河源市地震应急预防准备工作现状的实地调研访谈、问卷调查和分析,阐述了河源市在地震应急预防准备工作进行的实践探索、待改善的方面,在借鉴国内外经验基础上,提出了加强和改进河源市地震预防与应急准备工作的对策建议。     

Adsorption of mixed cationic-nonionic surfactant and its effect on bentonite structure

The adsorption of cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant onto bentonite and its effect on bentonite structure were investigated. The objective was to improve the understanding of surfactant behavior on clay mineral for its possible use in remediation technologies of soil and groundwater contaminated by toxic organic compounds. The cationic surfactant used was hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HDPB), and the nonionic surfactant was Triton X-100 (TX100). Adsorption of TX100 was enhanced significantly by the addition of HDPB, but this enhancement decreased with an increase in the fraction of the cationic surfactant. Part of HDPB was replaced by TX100 which decreased the adsorption of HDPB. However, the total adsorbed amount of the mixed surfactant was still increased substantially, indicating the synergistic effect between the cationic and nonionic surfactants. The surfactant-modified bentonite was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses. Surfactant intercalation was found to decrease the bentonite specific surface area, pore volume, and surface roughness and irregularities, as calculated by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The co-adsorption of the cationic and nonionic surfactants increased the ordering conformation of the adsorbed surfactants on bentonite, but decreased the thermal stability of the organobentonite system.     

MgO低温催化臭氧降解氨氮的机制研究

研究了低温条件下单独臭氧及MgO催化臭氧化降解水中氨氮的效率和特征,并对其反应机制分别进行了探讨.结果表明,pH是影响臭氧和催化臭氧化除氨的重要因素,不仅影响溶液中NH_3与NH~+_4的比例和臭氧氧化氨氮的速率,还影响氧化产物种类,从而影响脱氮效果.10℃时,单独臭氧对水中氨氮的氧化降解效率随pH的升高而增大,pH≤9时整体降解效率不高,pH=9时仅为16.39%,而pH=10时达到41.77%.臭氧和·OH共同参与降解氨氮的过程.单独臭氧氧化氨氮生成氮气的选择性具有pH依赖性,并与Cl~-密切相关.pH低(≤9)时,氨氮多以NH~+_4形态存在,O_3与Cl~-反应生成ClO~-_x(x=1、3),再氧化NH~+_4,从而生成气态产物N_2或N_2O.MgO在低温条件下具有很强的催化臭氧化降解氨氮的能力且温度升高有利于反应的进行,0、10、20℃时,MgO催化臭氧化氨氮的效率分别为77.53%、80.17%、91.26%.此过程中,·OH参与反应的程度低,一部分氨氮降解依靠ClO~-_x氧化NH~+_4,而氨氮降解的主要途径为O_3对NH_3的直接氧化.