The responses of the hepatosomatic index (HSI), 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) caged at a polluted site: implications for their use in environmental risk assessment

The present study investigates the response of three hepatic biomarkers in adult sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Linnaeus 1758) caged at a wastewater outlet of an oil refinery with fish caged at a pristine site used as controls. The biomarkers that were investigated were the hepatosomatic index (HSI), 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. In addition, we have measured the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, copper and zinc) in sediment samples at the polluted site. Although the polluted site had high environmental levels of PAHs and heavy metals, there was no difference in hepatic EROD activity and HSI between fish caged at the polluted site and controls. On the other hand, GST activity was significantly lower in fish caged at the polluted site compared to controls. Our results point out that the studied biomarkers have limited use in environmental risk assessment studies, at least when caged adult sea bass is used as the sentinel species and complex toxicant mixtures are involved.     

Using improved neural network model to analyze RSP,NOx and NO2 levels in urban air in Mong Kok,Hong Kong

As the health impact of air pollutants existing in ambient addresses much attention in recent years, forecasting of airpollutant parameters becomes an important and popular topic inenvironmental science. Airborne pollution is a serious, and willbe a major problem in Hong Kong within the next few years. InHong Kong, Respirable Suspended Particulate (RSP) and NitrogenOxides NO_x and NO₂ are major air pollutants due to thedominant diesel fuel usage by public transportation and heavyvehicles. Hence, the investigation and prediction of the influence and the tendency of these pollutants are ofsignificance to public and the city image. The multi-layerperceptron (MLP) neural network is regarded as a reliable andcost-effective method to achieve such tasks. The works presentedhere involve developing an improved neural network model, whichcombines the principal component analysis (PCA) technique and theradial basis function (RBF) network, and forecasting thepollutant levels and tendencies based in the recorded data. Inthe study, the PCA is firstly used to reduce and orthogonalizethe original input variables (data), these treated variables arethen used as new input vectors in RBF neural network modelestablished for forecasting the pollutant tendencies. Comparingwith the general neural network models, the proposed modelpossesses simpler network architecture, faster training speed,and more satisfactory predicting performance. This improvedmodel is evaluated by using hourly time series of RSP, NO_x and NO₂ concentrations collected at Mong Kok Roadside Gaseous Monitory Station in Hong Kong during the year 2000. By comparing the predicted RSP, NO_x and NO₂ concentrationswith the actual data of these pollutants recorded at the monitorystation, the effectiveness of the proposed model has been proven.Therefore, in authors' opinion, the model presented in the paper is a potential tool in forecasting air quality parameters and hasadvantages over the traditional neural network methods.     

沸石悬浮填料生物移动床的亚硝化特性

本研究以沸石为重要原料研制新型沸石悬浮填料,并将其用于启动沸石悬浮填料移动床反应器(ZMBBR),与装填普通陶粒的陶粒悬浮填料移动床(CMBBR)对比考察其亚硝化性能.结果表明:通过游离氨(FA)抑制的方法快速实现两种反应器的稳定亚硝化,两个反应器出水亚硝酸氮积累率均能达到90％以上;沸石对铵离子的吸附解吸作用使ZMB...     

基于“人工智能”驱动的农村生活污水系统治理专栏序言

伴随流域水污染控制与治理工作的深入,农村分散生活污水治理逐渐成为制约流域水环境改善的关键.同时,农村生活污水治理是人居环境提升、美丽乡村建设以及乡村振兴战略实施的集中体现,事关广大农村居民的切身利益.本专栏是国家水专项“分散污水治理课题”团队近年来科研成果的总结,从污水治理的全生命周期角度出发,尝试通过人工智能赋能治理模式决策、“菜单式”工艺组合、设施运维与监管、长效管理等4个方面对研究和实践进行了梳理总结,构建基于人工智能驱动的农村生活污水治理决策支持系统,以期为北运河流域以及其他区域农村生活污水治理提供科技支撑.     

脲酶抑制法检测环境样品中重金属离子研究

为探索利用脲酶快速检测环境样品中重金属离子的最佳条件，系统研究了重金属和缓冲液类型及其浓度对脲酶抑制率的影响。结果表明，不同浓度缓冲液中重金属离子浓度与脲酶抑制率呈显著的相关性，表现为随着重金属离子浓度的增加，脲酶抑制率也提高。缓冲液类型和浓度均能影响重金属对脲酶的抑制作用，其中磷酸缓冲液中，无论是Hg^2 还是Cu^2 对脲酶活性均有较强的抑制作用：在柠檬酸缓冲液中2种离子对脲酶的抑制作用存在显著差异。建立脲酶抑制检测技术的关键是选择合适的缓冲系统。此结果为脲酶抑制法在快速检测重金属离子中最佳检测条件的选择提供了理论依据。     

辽河流域生态景观结构变化及驱动力研究

对辽河流域景观结构进行分析的结果表明,2000年-2010年间,辽河流域自然景观类型面积变化不明显,结构稳定;而人工景观变化明显,居民区、交通用地等人工表面持续增加,农田面积持续减少,景观破碎化趋势明显.生态环境保护政策的实施使林地、草地、湿地等自然景观得到保护,为流域生态系统的演替提供了正向干扰;工业化进程和人口增长作为流域景观变化的主要驱动力,是人工表面增加和农田面积减少及破碎化的直接原因.     

低磷浓度下鸟粪石结晶成粒及反应器流态模拟

为扩大鸟粪石(MAP)结晶成粒技术的应用范围,对低磷浓度下MAP成粒最优条件进行了研究.试验得出该技术应用的磷浓度应大于50mg/L,并在此基础上研究得到低磷浓度条件下MAP结晶成粒的最佳条件:pH 9.0,磷氮物质的量比1:8.此时生成的MAP平均粒径为0.56mm,总体积生长率为4.95cm³/h,纯度可达99.9%.为进一步优化流化床反应器中MAP成粒条件,利用CFD商用软件(Fluent 6.3)对反应器流态进行了模拟.结果表明:MAP流化床反应器的生长区能够形成明显的自下而上的水力分级,截面流速也较为均匀,有利于颗粒的生成,但沉淀区和进水区存在死区、涡流等不利条件.因此,有必要改进生长区和沉淀区的连接方式以及进水管的分布,以获得更为优质的MAP颗粒.     

大连市夏季人体舒适度评价研究

以大连市1984年－2013年逐年7、8月的日平均温度、相对湿度及平均风速等气象数据为基础,基于模糊综合评价法,对大连市夏季人体舒适度现状进行分析与评价,得到结论如下：用模糊综合评判大连市气候舒适度最适合的评判标准为气温22℃、相对湿度70％和风速2 m／s;大连市总体气候舒适状况良好,夏季相对最舒适的时间段为第6旬（8月20日～8月31日）,最不舒适的时间段为第4旬（8月1日～8月10日）;由于大连市夏季经常伴有雷阵雨甚至暴雨天气以及湿度大等原因,使得炎热气温所造成的不舒适的天气状况常能得到改善,因此大连市夏季舒适程度所占比例较大。     

炼油行业泄漏检测与修复技术实践研究

炼油行业排放的大气污染物主要是挥发性有机物,是形成二次污染物的重要前体物,也是引发大气环境问题的重要污染物.以天津某炼油企业泄漏检测与修复技术的工作实践为例,结合炼油行业生产装置的工艺特点,介绍在该行业开展泄漏检测与修复技术时的工作流程,包括设备和管线组件密封点位的建档、检测、泄漏点位的修复、复测以及泄漏量核算方法,对炼油行业开展泄漏检测与修复工作减少挥发性有机物无组织的排放起到借鉴作用.     

磷石膏基充填料浆长距离管道输送特性研究

针对磷石膏基充填料浆在管道输送中易磨损等问题,测定了料浆的理化参数,确定了料浆流变模型,运用FLUENT软件对料浆的管道输送过程进行数值模拟,探究料浆输送过程中的压力、流速、剪切应力的分布规律,计算沿程阻力损失,并通过料浆在L型管道中的输送试验对数值模拟结果进行验证。结果表明:数值模拟结果与试验结果相差10%左右,说明利用数值模拟方法可以为矿山充填管路的设计提供依据。