钙基矿物固硫剂对不同煤种固硫效果的影响研究

对肥城煤（FC）、淮南煤（HN）和大同煤（DT）3种典型的高中低硫煤作了煤岩学分析,利用DTA、XRD、SEM、光学显微镜和粒度分析仪对钙基矿物添加剂及其固硫灰渣进行了矿物学研究.主要研究了温度、钙硫比、矿物添加剂等因素对煤种固硫率的影响.实验表明,相同的燃烧条件下,不同煤种对碳酸钙适应性有很大差异,淮南煤和肥城煤对碳酸钙的适应性明显好于大同煤,高硫煤更有利于950℃和1050℃下固硫;煤样自身固硫能力较差,碳酸钙固硫效果显著,当Ca/S=4,燃烧温度分别为1050、850和950℃时,肥城煤、大同煤和淮南煤固硫率分别达到最高值（89%、72%和89%）;膨润土促进大同煤固硫,却降低了肥城煤和淮南煤固硫率;钙基矿物添加剂协同作用能更有效地提高低硫煤的固硫效果,在1050℃时,可将固硫率由51%提高到74%.     

混凝-折流式反应器对垃圾渗滤液处理的试验研究

采用混凝、三组水解池和好氧生物滤池串连组成的折流式反应器(BR)联合工艺,对处理芜湖市南郊垃圾填埋场产生的渗滤液进行了试验研究,确定了混凝剂的最佳投加量、最佳碱化脱氮pH等工艺参数.试验结果表明,经过水解反应器(HUSB)反复对垃圾渗滤液进行水解酸化后,能逐步提高废水的BOD5/COD(B/C)(约0.2～0.4),大大提高了好氧生物滤池的COD容积负荷,出水COD平均《400 mg/L,NH3-N平均《30 mg/L.     

不同pH条件下酵母菌处理高含油废水的研究

在使用混合酵母菌菌株处理高浓度含油废水中,研究了序批式反应器(SBR)内酵母菌在不同起始pH条件下对废水的处理效果.通过与pH中性或碱性条件比较发现,pH 4～5的条件在酵母菌的发泡抑制、菌体生长以及COD/油去除等方面均显示出更好的效果,pH 5是系统运行的最佳条件.长达100d的SBR连续运行试验表明,系统可以在pH=5条件下长期、稳定运行.     

解决中国农村环境保护信息非对称性的方法探索

基于对世界银行项目——“中国乡镇工业企业环境行为研究”的子项目“乡镇工业企业污染控制报告制度研究”在江苏省丹阳市的实施过程的研究，发现污染控制报告会在乡镇环境管理中有着良好的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益，不失为一种解决农村环境保护信息非对称性的优选方法。     

铁盐同步除磷研究

对铁盐化学同步除磷进行了研究 ,通过试验比较了硫酸亚铁和氯化铁的除磷效果 ,前者的效果优于后者。并就污泥回流对除磷的影响进行了模拟试验 ,结果说明污泥回流可以节约药剂投加量。     

新型烟气冷凝节能与脱硫装置研究

烟气冷凝节能与脱硫装置是适用于燃油燃气锅炉的新装置。本文介绍了该装置节能及脱硫的基本原理,利用81.4KW天然气锅炉实验系统对装置的传热和脱硫特性进行了研究。实验表明,该装置提高锅炉效率为3％-8％,脱硫效率为20％-40％。     

Bayesian areal wombling via adjacency modeling

Recently, public health professionals and other geostatistical researchers have shown increasing interest in boundary analysis, the detection or testing of zones or boundaries that reveal sharp changes in the values of spatially oriented variables. For areal data (i.e., data which consist only of sums or averages over geopolitical regions), Lu and Carlin (Geogr Anal 37: 265–285, 2005) suggested a fully model-based framework for areal wombling using Bayesian hierarchical models with posterior summaries computed using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, and showed the approach to have advantages over existing non-stochastic alternatives. In this paper, we develop Bayesian areal boundary analysis methods that estimate the spatial neighborhood structure using the value of the process in each region and other variables that indicate how similar two regions are. Boundaries may then be determined by the posterior distribution of either this estimated neighborhood structure or the regional mean response differences themselves. Our methods do require several assumptions (including an appropriate prior distribution, a normal spatial random effect distribution, and a Bernoulli distribution for a set of spatial weights), but also deliver more in terms of full posterior inference for the boundary segments (e.g., direct probability statements regarding the probability that a particular border segment is part of the boundary). We illustrate three different remedies for the computing difficulties encountered in implementing our method. We use simulation to compare among existing purely algorithmic approaches, the Lu and Carlin (2005) method, and our new adjacency modeling methods. We also illustrate more practical modeling issues (e.g., covariate selection) in the context of a breast cancer late detection data set collected at the county level in the state of Minnesota.     

隧道施工通风壁面粗糙度评定方法及其工程应用

隧道通风数值计算中定义壁面粗糙程度的参数由粗糙高度和粗糙常数构成,参数的选取很难利用数学推导的方式进行研究。依托衢宁铁路鹫峰山隧道的施工通风项目,采用数值模拟并结合现场实测数据研究了隧道内壁面粗糙度的评定方法、取值和工程应用。结果表明:隧道壁面平均粗糙高度由隧道内实际开挖轮廓线和设计开挖轮廓线之间包络的面积与取样长度的比值确定,计算得到了隧道横断面平均粗糙高度为0. 191 m,纵向平均粗糙高度为0. 231 m;建立了粗糙常数Rc与粗糙单元间距、形状的关系,同时得到基本模型对应的Rc计算公式;基于典型理想壁面模型,以原模型面积减去理想模型的面积(绝对值)除以原模型面积所得值最小定义了最优简化模型,提出了关于壁面粗糙常数取值的计算方法,并以此计算出鹫峰山隧道壁面粗糙常数Rc为0.46。最终根据Rh和Rc的取值,采用三维数值模拟,分析了隧道内CO质量浓度不同时间段的分布规律。由于压入式通风自身的缺陷(无法突破长度瓶颈),且受现场布置及施工方式所限,通风距离超过3 000 m很难满足施工条件的需要,无法达到规定的洞内作业环境条件。因此,急需对现有的通风方式进行优化和调整。     

Risk factors affecting the severity of traffic accidents at Shanghai river-crossing tunnel

Objective: With increasing traffic volume and urban development, increasing numbers of underground tunnels have been constructed to relieve conflict between strained land and heavy traffic. However, as more long tunnels are constructed, tunnel traffic safety is becoming increasingly serious. Thus, it is necessary to acquire their implications and impacts. This study examined 4,539 traffic accidents that have occurred in 14 Shanghai river-crossing tunnels for the period 2011–2012 and analyze the correlation between potential factors and accident injury severity.

Methods: An ordered logit model was developed to examine the correlation between potential factors and accident injury severity.

Results: Results show that increased injury severity is associated with male drivers, drivers aged 65 years or older, accident time from midnight to dawn, weekends, wet road surface, goods vehicles, 3 or more vehicles, 4 or more lanes, middle speed limits (50–79 km/h), zone 3, extra-long tunnels (over 3,000 m), and maximum longitudinal gradient.

Conclusions: This article aims to provide useful information for engineers to develop interventions and countermeasures to improve tunnel safety in China.     

新型混凝剂应用于中水处理的试验研究

围绕着中水回用过程中面临的若干关键问题，通过系统研究筛选高效混凝剂及优化混凝过程来提高污染物去除率，为中水回用提供经济合理的工艺途径。实验结果表明，与FeCl2相比，HPACS系列具有显著优越的除浊与除有机物性能。除磷性能则较为一致，可以达到90％以上的去除率。PFAC系列与FeCl3相比，除浊性能较差，取决于混凝剂中的有效成分的含量，但是具有较为优越的除有机物性能。HPAA系列具有显著优越的除浊和除有机物性能。HPFA与FeCl3系列相比，则具有较高的除磷效果，HPAA的除磷效果则相对较差。不同系列混凝剂具有不同的除浊、除有机物与除磷性能，需要结合分质供水的要求进行优化应用。