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301.
Lianghu Su Guangzhai Guo Xinlong Shi Minyu Zuo Dongjie Niu Aihua Zhao Youcai Zhao 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(6):1411-1417
Co-disposal of refuse with municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) bottom ash (IBA) either multi-layered as landfill cover or mixed with refuse could pose additional risk to the environment because of enhanced leaching of heavy metals, especially Cu. This study applied short-term accelerated weathering to IBA, and monitored the mineralogical and chemical properties of IBA during the weathering process. Cu extractability of the weathered IBA was then evaluated using standard leaching protocols (i.e. SPLP and TCLP) and co-disposal leaching procedure. The results showed that weathering had little or no beneficial effect on Cu leaching in SPLP and TCLP, which can be explained by the adsorption and complexation of Cu with DOM. However, the Cu leaching of weathered IBA was reduced significantly when situated in fresh simulated landfill leachate. This was attributed to weakening Cu complexation with fulvic acid or hydrophilic fractions and/or intensifying Cu absorption to neoformed hydr(oxide) minerals in weathered IBA. The amount of total leaching Cu and Cu in free or labile complex fraction (the fraction with the highest mobility and bio-toxicity) of the 408-h weathered IBA were remarkably decreased by 86.3% and 97.6% in the 15-day co-disposal leaching test. Accelerated weathering of IBA may be an effective pretreatment method to decrease Cu leaching prior to its co-disposal with refuse. 相似文献
302.
Land degradation is a global problem that seriously threatens human society. However, in China and elsewhere, ecological restoration still largely relies on a traditional approach that focuses only on ecological factors and ignores socioeconomic factors. To improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration and maximize its economic and ecological benefits, a more efficient approach is needed that provides support for policy development and land management and thereby promotes environmental conservation. We devised a framework for assessing the value of ecosystem services that remain after subtracting costs, such as the opportunity costs, costs of forest protection, and costs for the people who are affected by the program; that is, the net value of ecosystem services (NVES). To understand the difference between the value of a resource and the net value of the ecosystem service it provides, we used data on VES, timber sales, and afforestation costs from China's massive national afforestation programs to calculate the net value of forest ecosystem services in China. Accounting for the abovementioned costs revealed an NVES of ¥6.1 × 1012 for forests in 2014, which was 35.9% less than the value calculated without accounting for costs. As a result, the NVES associated with afforestation was 55.9% less than the NVES of natural forests. In some regions, NVES was negative because of the huge costs of human-made plantations, high evapotranspiration rates (thus, high water opportunity costs), and low forest survival rates. To maximize the ecological benefits of conservation, it is necessary to account for as many costs as possible so that management decisions can be based on NVES, thereby helping managers choose projects that maximize both economic and ecological benefits. 相似文献
303.
Naing Wutyi Harada Hidenori Fujii Shigeo Hmwe Chaw Su Su 《Environmental management》2020,65(1):122-130
Environmental Management - Globally, 2.8 billion people use on-site sanitation facilities, which need regular emptying of accumulated fecal sludge. Illegal dumping from informal emptying... 相似文献
304.
对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)CowanⅠ的培养及A蛋白提取工艺进行了优化研究.结果表明:在培养基中分别增加牛肉膏和蛋白陈的含量,有利于提高菌体生物量及A蛋白的得率;少量酵母浸膏及葡萄糖对生物量及A蛋白得率有促进作用,但当达到一定浓度时则会产生基质抑制作用;恒定培养过程的pH值有利于A蛋白得率的增加,0.03()/min通气量、搅拌速度200r/min是能满足菌体生长的条件.根据A蛋白耐热性强这一特性,采用加热法除去大部分杂质,然后用IgG-琼脂糖凝胶亲和层析实现了A蛋白的提纯. 相似文献
305.
运用灰色系统关联度的分析方法,对广州市环境污染的原因进行分析,结果显示:影响广州市环境噪声的因素中,占主要地位的是城市机动车数量,其次是人口密度。 相似文献
306.
内蒙古流沙山金(钼)矿床地质特征及矿床类型的划分 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
流沙山矿床是近年来在内蒙古西部发现的一处金 (钼 )矿床。金 (钼 )矿化主要在海西期花岗闪长岩内呈大脉细脉和线脉产出 ,其空间展布形态受一系列环状断裂带控制。金 (钼 )矿体多为环状到半环状透镜体 ,局部地段为扁豆群和楔状体。矿石的金属矿物有辉钼矿、白钨矿、辉铋矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、钼钙矿、自然金和银金矿。脉石矿物有石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石 ,其中辉钼矿Re Os同位素等时线年龄为 (2 6 0±10 )× 10 6a。矿体的围岩蚀变主要有硅化和钾化 (钾长石化和绢云母化 ) ,次为绢英岩化和青盘岩化。本文重点研究了与矿化有关的花岗岩类岩相学和岩石化学 ,阐述了金 (钼 )矿床的矿化特征 ,划分了矿床的蚀变分带。在对比流沙山金 (钼 )矿床与国内外经典性斑岩型金属矿床主要特征的基础上 ,将流沙山 (钼 )矿床确定为深成岩型斑岩金 (钼 )矿床 相似文献
307.
1:1000000中国草地资源图的编制与研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
编制1:1000000中国草地资源图(以下简称《草地图》)是"1978~1985年中国科学技术发展规划"中的一项重点研究课题。首先在全国约800万km2草地分布区的2000多个县内进行野外实地调查和产草量测定,辅以航、卫片校核,编绘县级1:5万或1:10万草地类型图、草地等级图、草地利用现状图。然后采用系列制图方法,遵照全国统一的编制规范和制图综合原则,用上述县级草地图逐级缩编成国家级1:100万草地资源图。该图在不同的制图区域──牧区、半农半牧区、农区有不同的地理要素选择标准;不同的图斑表现级;不同的最小图斑面积。《草地图》除传统地表现草地植被类型外,还表现草地利用性状,按制图单元进行草地等级评价。用变距等高距选取了少量对划分草地类型界线、重要牧草分布界线、季节草地界线有重要指示意义的等高线。 相似文献
308.
309.
本文通过对哈尔滨信义沟的调查和分析,研究了市区性河流的自净规律,将高浓度悬浮物沉降和有机物厌氧分解纳入河流水质模型,从而得出了广义的市区性河流多河段水质数学模型,这种建模的方法对市区性河流具有普遍的意义. 相似文献
310.
慕士塔格山和公格尔山的现代冰川 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文论述了慕士塔格山和公格尔山现代冰川发育的自然条件,冰川物理特征及冰川进退变化情况,对了解帕米尔东缘山区冰川资源及其变化提供了依据。 相似文献