Spatial variability of bacteria in the rhizosphere of Elsholtzia splendens under Cu contamination

Elsholtzia splendens is a well-known Cu-tolerant plant; yet, the impact of Cu-contaminated soil on bacterial community in its rhizosphere is not known. We studied the spatial variability of bacteria in the rhizosphere using Cu-contaminated soil with polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time PCR. In the uncontaminated soil, the content of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterial diversity gradually increased in the rhizosphere soil along the root growth direction (from the interface zone to the meristematic zone), while for the Cu-contaminated soil, the highest DOC content and the strongest potential bioavailability of Cu were found in the interface zone, which also had the lowest bacteria diversity. Bacteria diversity was positively correlated with DOC in the uncontaminated soil (p?Firmicutes only existed in the rhizosphere of contaminated soil, while the very small amount (if any) of some species exists such as Deinococcus-Thermus, indicating that the contaminated environment altered the bacterial composition. Moreover, spatial variation of the bacterial community was found among different soil zones. Real-time PCR confirmed the spatial variation via the gene expression of flagellin (fliC) and chemotaxis gene (cheA). The spatial characteristics of cheA expression were consistent with that of DOC and bacterial diversity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the spatial variation of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere was present, independent of Cu contamination. DOC and Cu toxicity may affect specific gene expressions such as fliC and cheA, resulting in bacterial spatial variation.     

活性焦吸附对煤化工废水膜处理工艺的影响

煤化工废水经过生化处理后一般难以达到回用标准,须采用有效的深度处理工艺才能实现废水的资源化利用。通过对比研究方式,采用“混凝-超滤-反渗透工艺”及“混凝-活性焦吸附-超滤-反渗透”2种处理工艺,考察了活性焦吸附对后续膜处理工艺的影响。结果表明,活性焦对废水中的芳香族类等主要污染物具有很好的吸附性能,混凝出水经活性焦吸附后进人膜系统可有效减缓膜污染,降低膜通量的衰减程度并提高产水水质,因此,将活性焦吸附用于煤化工废水膜系统的前处理,采用“混凝-活性焦吸附-超滤-反渗透工艺”深度处理煤化工废水是有效可行的。     

絮体性质对纳滤膜污染的影响

混凝过程产生的絮体会对后续膜过滤性能产生一定的影响。实验中利用激光粒度仪研究2种混凝剂(AlCl3和PAC)在不同投加量下的絮体性质,混凝出水(不经过沉淀)直接进入纳滤膜(NF270)装置进行过滤实验。研究表明,投加量低(<0.20 mmol/L)的情况下,混凝出水反而使纳滤通量衰减发生恶化,随着投加量的增加,纳滤膜通量衰减得到有效的减缓。直接过滤腐殖酸(HA)的膜通量衰减(J/J0)为0.65,投加量为0.50 mmol/L时,AlCl3和PAC 2种混凝剂产生的通量衰减(J/J0)分别为0.78和0.75。滤饼层阻力受到絮体尺寸的影响较大,絮体尺寸越大,形成的滤饼层透水性更好。通过污染模型分析,混凝出水的纳滤膜污染机理主要是滤饼层阻力。     

阿科蔓氧化塘净化城市微污染河水中试研究

采用添加阿科蔓生态基的曝气氧化塘对长春市新凯河污染河水进行了中试实验。研究结果表明,氧化塘中COD、NH+4-N和TP的去除率随季节变化较大,高温溶解氧不足时,曝气能明显提高污染物去除率。低温时,低强度曝气有利于温度的传递,延长氧化塘的运行时间。溶解氧大于2 mg/L时,夏季时COD去除率最高达到40.89%,NH+4-N去除率最高达到57.11%,秋季时TP去除率最高达到34.65%。COD、NH+4-N和TP的平均出水浓度分别达到37.92、4.02和0.56mg/L,基本满足地表水Ⅴ类水质要求。     

Degradation of diuron in aqueous solution by ozonation

Degradation of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] in aqueous solution and the proposed degradation mechanism of diuron by ozonation were investigated. The factors that affect the degradation efficiency of diuron were examined. The generated inorganic ions and organic acids during the ozonation process were detected. Total organic carbon removal rate and the amount of the released Cl(-) increased with increasing ozonation time, but only 80.0% of the maximum theoretical concentration of Cl(-) at total mineralization was detected when initial diuron concentration was 13.8 mg L(-1). For N species, the final concentrations of NO3(-) and NH4+ after 60 min of reaction time were 0.28 and 0.19 mg L(-1), respectively. The generated acetic acid, formic acid and oxalic acid were detected during the reaction process. The main degradation pathway of diuron by ozonation involved a series of dechlorination-hydroxylation, dealkylation and oxidative opening of the aromatic ring processes, leading to small organic species and inorganic species. The degradation efficiency of diuron increased with decreasing initial diuron concentration. Higher pH value, more ozone dosage, additive Na2CO3, additive NaHCO3 and additive H2O2 were all advantageous to improve the degradation efficiency of diuron.     

采用双氰胺甲醛缩聚物混凝去除水中酸性红B染料的研究

以双氰胺和甲醛为原料制备了聚合双氰胺甲醛,并对其进行红外光谱表征.采用聚合双氰胺甲醛与硫代硫酸钠共同作用对酸性红B染料溶液进行混凝脱色实验.对比了单独使用聚合双氰胺甲醛,以及聚合双氰胺甲醛与硫代硫酸钠共同作用的脱色效果.探讨了硫代硫酸钠和聚合双氰胺甲醛的用量以及pH值对脱色率的影响.结果表明,投加硫代硫酸钠可以明显地提高聚合双氰胺甲醛的脱色率,增大絮凝范围,使絮凝剂对pH值的变化有很强的适应性,pH值为7～12的范围内,脱色率均能维持在96%以上.此外,还对混凝脱色的机理进行了研究.     

井下无线技术在煤矿安全生产中的应用分析

飞速发展的无线通信系统在今天已经应用于各行各业。特别对于矿业而言,数字信号取代模拟信号使无线通信在煤矿应用成为现实。无线通信应用于井下生产,不但提高了井下工人的安全系数,还大大地提高了生产效率。     

粘土矿胶粒及其含富里酸悬浊体系的电动特性

本文主要研究了氯化铝和聚合氯化铝凝聚二氧化硅、高岭土和蒙脱土胶粒,以及它们分别与含富里酸悬浊体系的电动特性及其影响因素。     

Historical distribution of lynx (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lynx lynx</Emphasis>) in Northeast China on the basis of historical records

Long-term dynamics of population decline can improve the conservation perspectives and strategies for endanger species. In China, new gazetteers having systematic compilation and wide geographical coverage can be considered as an important complementary for reconstruction historical distribution. For historical and cultural reasons, an endangered species–lynx (Lynx lynx) was recorded regularly in new gazetteers. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the population distribution in Northeast China from the 1950s to 2014. The data show that Felis lynx was widely distributed in Northeast China in the 1950s, but the number of the occurrence records have been significantly reduced by 85.6% in the last 60 years. This research also enlightens us that the new gazetteers can contribute to data shortage and it would be helpful to conservation biology.