新型聚铝硅复合絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

本文初步制备了两种新型聚铝硅复合絮凝剂：聚铝硅（含活化硅酸聚合铝，ＰＡＣＳｉ）和聚硅铝（聚硅酸硫酸铝，ＰＳｉＡＳ），研究对比了ＰＡＣＳｉ，ＰＳｉＡＳ与ＰＡＣ的絮凝性能。考察了硅酸聚合程度，硅、铝含量对其絮凝性能的影响，结果表明，提高硅酸聚合程度或硅、铝含量的增加均有利于增强絮凝性能，且随（Ｓｉ）／（Ａｌ）比值的提高，其絮凝性能也明显增加，在铝含量相同情况下，聚铝硅和聚硅铝的絮凝性能均优于聚合氯化铝     

聚铝铁硅絮凝剂的合成方法及其混凝效能

采用硅酸钠碱化聚合方法制备聚铝铁硅絮凝剂，研究它们的ｐＨ弛豫规律及其稳定性，并通过流动电流测定了其电动特性，最后进行了混凝除浊（富里酸）效果对比研究。初步得到了稳定性及絮凝效果均较好的聚合铝铁硅絮凝剂的工艺合成方法。     

时间困境与社会舆论权威——环境管理的权威结构制衡研究

环境资源的稀缺性已经使环境资源配置日益成为引发社会问题的主要变量之一.具有(准)公共物品属性的环境资源配置不合理引发的"公地悲剧"表现在时间轴上即为"时间困境".因为激励机制不足和成本过高等,靠市场机制的产权明晰和政府的强制管理并不能有效的解决环境资源配置的"时间困境".相反,在经济高速发展态势下,目标趋同的政府和企业会在某种程度上形成联合,造成现行环境管理权威结构的失衡.由公众自发形成的社会舆论在合法性前提下,有着解除"时间困境"的内在动因和成本优势,可以发展成为环境资源配置过程的有力的监督要素.要实现环境管理权威结构的内在制衡,还需要从公众内在自觉、外在制度,以及知识协助等三方面对内外环境进行创设.     

薄壁管无芯推压缩径过程的应力应变分析

薄壁管无芯推压缩径成形过程比薄壁管拉拔成形过程复杂得多,迄今很少有这方面的文献报道。本文首次根据主应力法,比较详细地推导了薄壁管无芯推压过程的应力分布和壁厚变化的计算公式,并给出了计算实例。     

预氧化加复合絮凝剂处理高温石油废水

采用自制ＰＣＭ２复合药剂处理含油和高分散细微悬浮物石油废水。研究证明，使用现有单一的有机或无机絮凝剂无法达到对这种具有特殊水质的石油废水的期望处理效果。在被处理水为室温的条件下，适量的ＰＣＭ２不仅有效去除水中的油，而且可以将难处理的细微悬浮物含量降到较低。在高温处理条件下，采取预氧化加ＰＣＭ２可以显著提高对水中油尤其是细微悬浮物的去除效率，处理后水质可以达到油田回注标准。     

应用主成分分析法研究海州湾的污染状况

本文应用主成分分析法对海州湾１９个测站的九项污染指标进行了研究，把整个海湾的污染分成了六个类型，指出了各类中应优先控制的污染因子及污染源，同时排除了对本海湾污染贡献较小的三项指标。     

Climate change effects on pesticide usage reduction efforts: a case study in China

China has announced plans to stabilize its pesticide use by 2020. Yet, future climate change will possibly increase the difficulty of meeting this goal. This study uses econometric estimation to explore how climate impacts Chinese pesticide usage and subsequently to project the future implications of climate change on pesticide use. The results indicate that both atmospheric temperature and precipitation increase pesticide usage. Under current climate change projections, pesticide usage will rise by +1.1 to 2.5% by 2040, +2.4 to 9.1% by 2070, and +2.6 to 18.3% by 2100. Linearly extrapolating the results to 2020 yields an approximately 0.5 to 1.2% increase. Thus, to achieve stabilization, more severe actions are needed to address this increase. Possible actions to achieve the reductions needed include using better monitoring and early warning networks so as to permit early responses to climate change-stimulated increases, enhancing information dissemination, altering crop mix, and promoting nonchemical control means. Additionally, given that increased pesticide usage generally increases health and environmental damage, there may be a need to more widely disseminate safe application procedure information while also strengthening compliance with food safety regulations. Furthermore, pest control strategies will need to be capable of evolving as climate change proceeds. Globally, efforts could be made to (1) scale up agrometeorological services, especially in developing countries; (2) use international frameworks to better align the environmental and health standards in developing countries with those in developed countries; and (3) adapt integrated pest management practices to climate change, especially for fruits and vegetables.     

Crystalline phase evolution behavior and physicochemical properties of glass–ceramics from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Appropriate management and treatment of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant have become an urgent environmental protection...     

含硅酸盐水解Fe(Ⅲ)溶液的形态分析方法——Fe-Ferron与β-Silicomolybdate法相结合

本文对含硅酸盐水解Fe（Ⅲ）溶液的形态分析方法进行了研究,对其中pH以及Fe（Ⅲ）浓度对反应的影响作了一定的探讨,实验结果表明,在pH为5.0,控制Fe（Ⅲ）浓度在8×10~(-5)mol·l~(-1)以下较为适宜。应用Ferron法与β-Silicomolybdate法相结合,可以分别获得含硅酸盐水解Fe（Ⅲ）溶液中Fe（Ⅲ）与Silica的赋存形态及其分布。因此,可以进一步应用于各种条件下含硅酸盐水解Fe（Ⅲ）溶液中的形态分布及其转化规律的研究。     

Toxicity evaluation of 10 oil gelling agents北大核心CSCD

Oil gelling agents are widely used in emergency response of marine oil spills. However, the biological toxicity of oil gelling agents is not well understood. This research aimed to evaluate the environmental safety of oil gelling agents used for rapid removal and cleanup of marine oil spills. We used luminescent bacteria (Acinetobacter sp. Tox2 and Acinetobacter sp. RecA) combined with exposure experiment using marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) juveniles to detect the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 oil gelling agents. As a result, a certain level of acute toxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent FOA and GMN-01 (the toxicity equivalent to 0.067 mg/L and 0.084 mg/L of HgCl2, respectively), and a certain level of genotoxicity was detected from the oil gelling agent NORSOREX (the toxicity equivalent to 0.307 mg/L of MMC) by the luminescent bacteria test. However, no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity was detected from the above three oil gelling agents in fish-exposure experiments. Our results suggest that the 10 oil gelling agents have no obvious acute toxicity or genotoxicity to higher organisms (including marine medaka). The luminescent bacteria test is more sensitive in detecting biological toxicity of oil gelling agents. This study provides a reference for environmental safety evaluation of the oil gelling agents used in the cleaning up of the marine oil spills.