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831.
Luc Doyen 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2018,23(6):729-742
Balancing biodiversity conservation with food security and the preservation of a broader set of ecosystem services is among the greatest challenges of the century. The creation of the International Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), at the interface between decision support and scientific knowledge, is clearly in line with this ecological-economic perspective. IPBES particularly puts forward the development of model-based scenarios making sense economically and ecologically and promoting sustainability. The present paper provides generic modeling methods and tools to address such challenges. The paper argues that the framework of controlled dynamic systems under uncertainty together with ecoviability metrics are especially well suited. Such a modeling framework indeed makes it possible to simultaneously account for complex dynamics, indirect or indirect drivers, uncertainties along with multiple sustainability objectives. These general ideas are exemplified with scenarios relating to two applied fields: (i) fisheries and marine biodiversity and (ii) land-use and avifauna. 相似文献
832.
为了研究整流幕的作用机理并解决三峡水库支流库湾的水华问题,基于香溪河库湾2010年1~12月的水环境监测数据,利用CE QUAL W2模型,分析比较了整流幕设置前后香溪河库湾水温的时空变化规律。结果表明:整流幕的作用效果因季节、位置、高度的差异而有所不同。整流幕可改变其上游侧水温,尤其是表层水温,夏秋季对水温的影响较大,降温时段也集中在夏秋季;整流幕高度越大,越靠近库湾上游,对水温的影响越明显;整流幕拦截水流的同时,也会促进上下层水体的掺混,减弱水温分层。 相似文献
833.
Tayane C. R. Mesquita Rizia R. Santos Ane P. Cacique Ludimara J. De SÁ Flaviano O. Silvério 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2018,53(3):199-206
Organochlorine pesticides present in sewage sludge can contaminate soil and water when they are used as either fertilizer or agricultural soil conditioner. In this study, the technique solid–liquid extraction with low temperature purification was optimized and validated for determination of ten organochlorine pesticides in sewage sludge and soil samples. Liquid–liquid extraction with low temperature purification was also validated for the same compounds in water. Analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in the selective ion monitoring mode. After optimization, the methods showed recoveries between 70% and 115% with relative standard deviation lower than 13% for all target analytes in the three matrices. The linearity was demonstrated in the range of 20 to 70 µg L?1, 0.5 to 60 µg L?1, and 3 to 13 µg L?1, for sludge, soil, and acetonitrile, respectively. The limit of quantification ranged between 2 and 40 µg kg?1, 1 and 6 µg kg?1, and 0.5 µg L?1 for sludge, soil, and water, respectively. The methods were used in the study of pesticide lixiviation carried out in a poly vinyl chlorine column filled with soil, which had its surface layer mixed with sludge. The results showed that pesticides are not leached into soil, part of them is adsorbed by the sewage sludge (4–40%), and most pesticides are lost by volatilization. 相似文献
834.
Tomaz Langenbach Denise Mano Maize M. Campos Alessandra L.M.C. Cunha Tácio M.P. De Campos 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(12):843-849
Pesticide air pollution by spraying was evaluated under different temperature, humidity and wind climatic conditions in Brazil. Field experiments were performed with application towards the soil and in guava orchards, where spray dispersion was monitored by adding p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a fluorescent substance, as a tracer to the water contained in the spray tanks. Samples were collected with filter membranes (Whatman 180025), and the PABA was extracted from the filters by shaking with water in a Petri dish and measured in a spectrofluorometer. A spray aimed towards the soil with filters positioned on the ground and hung at different heights did not show different upward dispersion as observed when lateral pulverization was conducted. In this case, a tractor with a sprayer moved through a 3 m high and 6 m wide frame with filter membranes mounted at 60 cm intervals. Spray dispersion patterns were modified by guava leaf resistance. No influence of temperature and humidity was observed in this short-lived spraying process. Nevertheless, wind drift can occur during airborne dispersion and is an important pesticide pollution source which requires control. Droplets with PABA powered by assisted spraying upwards returned to the ground by gravity and, therefore, did not constitute a vertical source of atmospheric pollution. 相似文献
835.
Khaniabadi Yuef Omidi Fanelli Roberto De Marco Alessandra Daryanoosh Seyed Mohammad Kloog Itai Hopke Philip K. Conti Gea Oliveri Ferrante Margherita Mohammadi Mohammad Javad Babaei Ali Akbar Basiri Hassan Goudarzi Gholamreza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16860-16868
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The main objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of airborne particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10)... 相似文献
836.
Ulloa-Ogaz Ana Laura Piñón-Castillo Hilda Amelia Muñoz-Castellanos Laila Nayzzel Athie-García Martha Samira Ballinas-Casarrubias María De Lourdes Murillo-Ramirez José Guadalupe Flores-Ongay Luis Ángel Duran Robert Orrantia-Borunda Erasmo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(27):22048-22060
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and their properties are important issues in nanotechnology research. Particularly, NPs affect the metabolism... 相似文献
837.
Josée Lefebvre Gilles Gauthier Jean-François Giroux Austin Reed Eric T. Reed Luc Bélanger 《Ambio》2017,46(2):262-274
Between the early 1900s and the 1990s, the greater snow goose Anser caerulescens atlanticus population grew from 3000 individuals to more than 700 000. Because of concerns about Arctic degradation of natural habitats through overgrazing, a working group recommended the stabilization of the population. Declared overabundant in 1998, special management actions were then implemented in Canada and the United States. Meanwhile, a cost–benefit socioeconomic analysis was performed to set a target population size. Discussions aiming towards attaining a common vision were undertaken with stakeholders at multiple levels. The implemented measures have had varying success; but population size has been generally stable since 1999. To be effective and meet social acceptance, management actions must have a scientific basis, result from a consensus among stakeholders, and include an efficient monitoring programme. In this paper, historical changes in population size and management decisions along with past and current challenges encountered are discussed. 相似文献
838.
Untangling the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Political transitions often trigger substantial environmental changes. In particular, deforestation can result from the complex interplay among the components of a system—actors, institutions, and existing policies—adapting to new opportunities. A dynamic conceptual map of system components is particularly useful for systems in which multiple actors, each with different worldviews and motivations, may be simultaneously trying to alter different facets of the system, unaware of the impacts on other components. In Myanmar, a global biodiversity hotspot with the largest forest area in mainland Southeast Asia, ongoing political and economic reforms are likely to change the dynamics of deforestation drivers. A fundamental conceptual map of these dynamics is therefore a prerequisite for interventions to reduce deforestation. We used a system‐dynamics approach and causal‐network analysis to determine the proximate causes and underlying drivers of forest loss and degradation in Myanmar from 1995 to 2016 and to articulate the linkages among them. Proximate causes included infrastructure development, timber extraction, and agricultural expansion. These were stimulated primarily by formal agricultural, logging, mining, and hydropower concessions and economic investment and social issues relating to civil war and land tenure. Reform of land laws, the link between natural resource extraction and civil war, and the allocation of agricultural concessions will influence the extent of future forest loss and degradation in Myanmar. The causal‐network analysis identified priority areas for policy interventions, for example, creating a public registry of land‐concession holders to deter corruption in concession allocation. We recommend application of this analytical approach to other countries, particularly those undergoing political transition, to inform policy interventions to reduce forest loss and degradation. 相似文献
839.
Serena De Simone Francesco Boscutti 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(7):1173-1192
Design of landscape is the process of the arrangement of spatial features with the objective of sustaining ecosystem services, and maintaining ecological functionality to meet societal needs. Along a gradient of cultivation intensity, the functional quality of agricultural landscape was explored and the relationships between landscape metrics and functional quality were analyzed, in order to make effective recommendations for landscape design aimed at sustainable land use schemes. The functional quality of landscape was calculated using the InVest model for 20 farm landscapes (North-Eastern Italy) where biodiversity (plant taxa) and sensitivity to disturbance (hemeroby) were used as model inputs. Results highlighted the importance of specific habitat types such as meadows and woodlands rather than other habitats for improving the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes. A high proportion of these habitats enhanced the functional quality of the landscape when the habitats were organized in large and not isolated patches in heterogeneous landscapes. 相似文献
840.
Mor S De Visscher A Ravindra K Dahiya RP Chandra A Van Cleemput O 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2006,26(4):381-388
Landfilling is one of the most common ways of municipal solid waste disposal. Degradation of organic waste produces CH(4) and other landfill gases that significantly contribute to global warming. However, before entering the atmosphere, part of the produced CH(4) can be oxidised while passing through the landfill cover. In the present study, the oxidation rate of CH(4) was studied with various types of compost as possible landfill cover. The influence of incubation time, moisture content and temperature on the CH(4) oxidation capacity of different types of compost was examined. It was observed that the influence of moisture content and temperature on methane oxidation is time-dependent. Maximum oxidation rates were observed at moisture contents ranging from 45% to 110% (dry weight basis), while the optimum temperature ranged from 15 to 30 degrees C. 相似文献