全文获取类型
收费全文 | 182篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 5篇 |
废物处理 | 13篇 |
环保管理 | 30篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
基础理论 | 46篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 57篇 |
评价与监测 | 7篇 |
社会与环境 | 11篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 6篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 3篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 6篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有193条查询结果,搜索用时 718 毫秒
81.
Moreno Di Marco Thomas Brooks Annabelle Cuttelod Lincoln D.C. Fishpool Carlo Rondinini Robert J. Smith Leon Bennun Stuart H.M. Butchart Simon Ferrier Ruud P.B. Foppen Lucas Joppa Diego Juffe‐Bignoli Andrew T. Knight John F. Lamoreux Penny F. Langhammer Ian May Hugh P. Possingham Piero Visconti James E.M. Watson Stephen Woodley 《Conservation biology》2016,30(2):392-402
World governments have committed to increase the global protected areas coverage by 2020, but the effectiveness of this commitment for protecting biodiversity depends on where new protected areas are located. Threshold‐ and complementarity‐based approaches have been independently used to identify important sites for biodiversity. We brought together these approaches by performing a complementarity‐based analysis of irreplaceability in important bird and biodiversity areas (IBAs), which are sites identified using a threshold‐based approach. We determined whether irreplaceability values are higher inside than outside IBAs and whether any observed difference depends on known characteristics of the IBAs. We focused on 3 regions with comprehensive IBA inventories and bird distribution atlases: Australia, southern Africa, and Europe. Irreplaceability values were significantly higher inside than outside IBAs, although differences were much smaller in Europe than elsewhere. Higher irreplaceability values in IBAs were associated with the presence and number of restricted‐range species; number of criteria under which the site was identified; and mean geographic range size of the species for which the site was identified (trigger species). In addition, IBAs were characterized by higher irreplaceability values when using proportional species representation targets, rather than fixed targets. There were broadly comparable results when measuring irreplaceability for trigger species and when considering all bird species, which indicates a good surrogacy effect of the former. Recently, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has convened a consultation to consolidate global standards for the identification of key biodiversity areas (KBAs), building from existing approaches such as IBAs. Our results informed this consultation, and in particular a proposed irreplaceability criterion that will allow the new KBA standard to draw on the strengths of both threshold‐ and complementarity‐based approaches. 相似文献
82.
83.
84.
85.
Carole Bedos Sophie Génermont Edith Le Cadre Lucas Garcia Enrique Barriuso Pierre Cellier 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(22-23):3630-3639
Volatilization of pesticides participates in atmospheric contamination and affects environmental ecosystems including human welfare. Modelling at relevant time and spatial scales is needed to better understand the complex processes involved in pesticide volatilization. Volt'Air-Pesticides has been developed following a two-step procedure to study pesticide volatilization at the field scale and at a quarter time step. Firstly, Volt'Air-NH3 was adapted by extending the initial transfer of solutes to pesticides and by adding specific calculations for physico-chemical equilibriums as well as for the degradation of pesticides in soil. Secondly, the model was evaluated in terms of 3 pesticides applied on bare soil (atrazine, alachlor, and trifluralin) which display a wide range of volatilization rates. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the relevance of tuning to Kh. Then, using Volt'Air-Pesticides, environmental conditions and emission fluxes of the pesticides were compared to fluxes measured under 2 environmental conditions. The model fairly well described water temporal dynamics, soil surface temperature, and energy budget. Overall, Volt'Air-Pesticides estimates of the order of magnitude of the volatilization flux of all three compounds were in good agreement with the field measurements. The model also satisfactorily simulated the decrease in the volatilization rate of the three pesticides during night-time as well as the decrease in the soil surface residue of trifluralin before and after incorporation. However, the timing of the maximum flux rate during the day was not correctly described, thought to be linked to an increased adsorption under dry soil conditions. Thanks to Volt'Air's capacity to deal with pedo-climatic conditions, several existing parameterizations describing adsorption as a function of soil water content could be tested. However, this point requires further investigation. Practically speaking, Volt'Air-Pesticides can be a useful tool to make decision about agricultural practices such as incorporation or for the estimation of overall pesticide volatilization rates, and it holds promise for time specific dynamics. 相似文献
86.
Godoi Marcelo Leitemberger Andrielli Böhs Lucas Martins Correa Silveira Marcia Victoria Rafique Jamal D’Oca Marcelo Gonçalves Montes 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1441-1446
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Herein, we describe a simple and inexpensive protocol for the hydrothiolation of alkynes. In this context, water extract of rice straw ash (WERSA) has been proven... 相似文献
87.
Abstract This article reports the findings of a qualitative study with residents living in six deprived neighbourhoods in the UK and the front-line workers and local policymakers responsible for the renewal of these areas. The study was an attempt to raise awareness of local environmental concerns in the context of a national and local policy agenda, which has, until recently, largely overlooked the impacts of degraded environments on the lives and activities of the people who live in them. A key aim for the study was to raise people's concerns with local decision-makers and examine how far these might be addressed through the existing financial, administrative and legislative arrangements for neighbourhood renewal in the UK, namely Local Strategic Partnerships. The research was designed to provide practical lessons and policy recommendations for others wishing to raise the profile of environmental justice in the context of neighbourhood level regeneration projects, in both the UK and elsewhere in the ‘developed’ world. 相似文献
88.
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline oxygenate that is widely used throughout the US and Europe as an octane-booster and as a means of reducing automotive carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The combustion by-products of pure MTBE have been evaluated in previous laboratory studies, but little attention has been paid to the combustion by-products of MTBE as a component of gasoline. MTBE is often used in reformulated gasoline (RFG), which has chemical and physical characteristics distinct from conventional gasoline. The formation of MTBE by-products in RFG is not well-understood, especially under "worst-case" vehicle emission scenarios such as fuel-rich operations, cold-starts or malfunctioning emission control systems, conditions which have not been studied extensively. Engine-out automotive dynamometer studies have compared RFG with MTBE to non-oxygenated RFG. Their findings suggest that adding MTBE to reformulated gasoline does not impact the high temperature flame chemistry in cylinder combustion processes. Comparison of tailpipe and exhaust emission studies indicate that reactions in the catalytic converter are quite effective in destroying most hydrocarbon MTBE by-product species. Since important reaction by-products are formed in the post-flame region, understanding changes in this region will contribute to the understanding of fuel-related changes in emissions. 相似文献
89.
Dellinger B D'Alessio A D'Anna A Ciajolo A Gullett B Henry H Keener M Lighty J Lomnicki S Lucas D Oberdörster G Pitea D Suk W Sarofim A Smith KR Stoeger T Tolbert P Wyzga R Zimmermann R 《Environmental engineering science》2008,25(8):1107-1114
The 10th International Congress on Combustion Byproducts and their Health Effects was held in Ischia, Italy, from June 17-20, 2007. It is sponsored by the US NIEHS, NSF, Coalition for Responsible Waste Incineration (CRWI), and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The congress focused on: the origin, characterization, and health impacts of combustion-generated fine and ultrafine particles; emissions of mercury and dioxins, and the development/application of novel analytical/diagnostic tools. The consensus of the discussion was that particle-associated organics, metals, and persistent free radicals (PFRs) produced by combustion sources are the likely source of the observed health impacts of airborne PM rather than simple physical irritation of the particles. Ultrafine particle-induced oxidative stress is a likely progenitor of the observed health impacts, but important biological and chemical details and possible catalytic cycles remain unresolved. Other key conclusions were: (1) In urban settings, 70% of airborne fine particles are a result of combustion emissions and 50% are due to primary emissions from combustion sources, (2) In addition to soot, combustion produces one, possibly two, classes of nanoparticles with mean diameters of?~10?nm and?~1?nm. (3) The most common metrics used to describe particle toxicity, viz. surface area, sulfate concentration, total carbon, and organic carbon, cannot fully explain observed health impacts, (4) Metals contained in combustion-generated ultrafine and fine particles mediate formation of toxic air pollutants such as PCDD/F and PFRs. (5) The combination of metal-containing nanoparticles, organic carbon compounds, and PFRs can lead to a cycle generating oxidative stress in exposed organisms. 相似文献
90.
Altruism in the social Hymenoptera is generally considered to be a feature of females rather than males. A popular explanation
for this is that in the solitary ancestors of today's social species, males provided little brood care. Males might therefore
lack the preadaptations necessary to evolve altruism in social contexts. While anecdotal observations of male contributions
to colony life have been reported, there are few reports of male participation in nest defence. In apoid wasps, there have
been several reports of male nest-guarding behaviour in solitary species, potentially setting the evolutionary stage for similar
behaviours in social lineages. Here, we present evidence of active and effective nest defence in males of the social apoid
wasp Microstigmus nigrophthalmus. Males were observed chasing intruders away from the nest, and the presence of males had a significant effect on nest survival
when females were removed. Males potentially obtained direct benefits through defence, so that defence may not represent male
altruism. However, our results do show that males can perform acts that benefit their colony. 相似文献