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191.
Oliveira RT Salazar-Banda GR Santos MC Calegaro ML Miwa DW Machado SA Avaca LA 《Chemosphere》2007,66(11):2152-2158
This work presents an electrochemical investigation of the benzene oxidation process in aqueous solution on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Additionally, in order to determine the main products generated during the oxidation process, electrolysis and high performance liquid chromatography experiments were carried out. The complete degradation of this compound was performed aiming to a further application in waste water treatment. The cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that benzene is irreversibly oxidized in acid medium (H2SO4 0.5 M) on the BDD electrode surface at 2.0 V versus Ag/AgCl in a diffusion controlled process. During the cycling, other products are generated, and a pair of peaks was observed that can be associated with the oxi-reduction of anyone of the following species: hydroquinone, benzoquinone, resorcinol or catechol. The electrolysis experiments were carried out at 2.4 and 2.5 V on the BDD electrode surface in a solution containing 1 × 10−2 M of benzene (below the saturation concentration in aqueous solution), for 3 and 5 h, respectively. The main products measured were: hydroquinone, resorcinol, p-benzoquinone, catechol and phenol. The complete electrochemical benzene degradation was performed in the electrolysis experiments using a rotating BDD disc electrode (2.5 V for 5 h) and the main products detected were all measured at concentrations lower than 10−5 M in this condition. The boron-doped diamond electrode had proved to be a valuable tool for the electrochemical degradation of the benzene, a very stable chemical compound. 相似文献
192.
INTRODUCTION: The majority (67%) of hospitalized injuries among Alaska commercial fishermen are associated with deck machinery. This paper describes the "Prevention Through Design" process to mitigate one serious machinery entanglement hazard posed by a capstan deck winch. METHODS: After observing that the capstan winch provides no entanglement protection and the hydraulic controls are usually out of reach of the entangled person, NIOSH personnel met with fishermen and winch manufacturers to discuss various design solutions to mitigate these hazards. RESULTS: An emergency-stop ("e-stop") system was developed that incorporated a momentary contact button that when pushed, switches a safety-relay that de-energizes the solenoid of an electro-hydraulic valve stopping the rotating winch. The vessel owners that had the e-stop installed enthusiastically recommend it to other fishermen. NIOSH entered into a Proprietary Technology Licensing Agreement with a company to develop the system for commercial use. CONCLUSIONS: This is an example of a practical engineering control that effectively protects workers from a hazardous piece of equipment by preventing injuries due to entanglement. This solution could reduce these types of debilitating injuries and fatalities in this industry. 相似文献
193.
Julie Lucas Prescilla Perrichon Marine Nouhaud Alexandre Audras Isabelle Leguen Christel Lefrancois 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(24):13888-13897
The increase of anthropogenic activities on coastal areas induces discharges of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem. PAH effects depend not only on their concentration and the way of contamination but also on the different developmental stages of the organism. Zebrafish were exposed to relevant concentration of pyrolytic PAHs from the first meal (i.e., 5-day post fertilization, dpf) to mature adults. Parental effect of this type of exposure was evaluated through the assessment of aerobic metabolic scope, cardiac frequency, and cardiac mRNA expression on larval and/or embryo progeny of contaminated fish. Our results suggest that cardiac frequency increased in larval descendants of fish exposed to the environmental concentration of pyrolytic PAHs (i.e., 5 ng.g?1 of food), while a lack of effect on aerobic metabolism in 5 dpf larvae was highlighted. A surexpression of mRNA related to the cardiac calcium transporting ATPase atp2a2a, a protein essential for contraction, is in accordance with this increasing cardiac frequency. Even if cardiac development genes cmlc1 and tnnt2a were not affected at early life stages tested, complementary work on cardiac structure could be interesting to better understand PAHs action. 相似文献
194.
In this work, the potential for natural attenuation (NA) of Cr(VI) is evaluated for sub-wetland ground water at a chromium-contaminated site in Connecticut, incorporating the experimental findings of previous work at the site. Experimental data is assessed through long-term attenuation capacity calculations and modeling, which incorporates statistical uncertainty of parametric values. The NA evaluation yielded the following results: (1) Significant increases in Cr(VI) concentration and extremely long chromium source dissolution timeframes are required to exceed the attenuation capacity of the sub-wetland region soils studied in this work; and (2) Based on the 1-D transport modeling and incorporating input parameter uncertainty, there is an approximately 92% and 98% probability that the applicable regulatory criteria will not be exceeded at Point C, near a river which serves as the receptor, for the cases of (1) sorption of Cr(VI) only and (2) pseudo first order disappearance of Cr(VI) from the aqueous phase only, respectively. 相似文献
195.
A large-scale fumigation system for investigating interactions between air pollution and cold stress on plants 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
A new large-scale closed chamber fumigation system with cooling facilities is described for studying effects of low concentrations of SO(2), NO(2) and O(3) and low temperatures on woody species and herbaceous plants. The system is based on modified hemispherical greenhouses with a forced air ventilation system. This provides a chamber environment with low spatial variability of pollutant gas concentrations and rapid air circulation which allows exposure of plants at near ambient temperatures and relative humidity. Large capacity cooling units come into operation when ambient temperatures fall below 0 degrees C, and these allow chamber temperatures to be lowered by an additional 4 to 8 degrees C in experiments designed to test whether exposure to pollutants enhances the frost sensitivity of plants. 相似文献
196.
Michael Vardon Paul Lucas Steve Bass Matthew Agarwala Andrea M. Bassi Diane Coyle Anthony Dvarskas Catherine A. Farrell Oliver Greenfield Steven King Martin Lok Carl Obst Brian OCallaghan Rosimeiry Portela Juha Siikamki 《Ambio》2023,52(1):15
The COVID-19 pandemic and related social and economic emergencies induced massive public spending and increased global debt. Economic recovery is now an opportunity to rebuild natural capital alongside financial, physical, social and human capital, for long-term societal benefit. Yet, current decision-making is dominated by economic imperatives and information systems that do not consider society’s dependence on natural capital and the ecosystem services it provides. New international standards for natural capital accounting (NCA) are now available to integrate environmental information into government decision-making. By revealing the effects of policies that influence natural capital, NCA supports identification, implementation and monitoring of Green Recovery pathways, including where environment and economy are most positively interlinked. 相似文献
197.
198.
Godoi Marcelo Leitemberger Andrielli Böhs Lucas Martins Correa Silveira Marcia Victoria Rafique Jamal D’Oca Marcelo Gonçalves Montes 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(3):1441-1446
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Herein, we describe a simple and inexpensive protocol for the hydrothiolation of alkynes. In this context, water extract of rice straw ash (WERSA) has been proven... 相似文献
199.
Mariane de Fátima Yukie Maeda Maria de Lourdes Brizot Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli Silvia Maria Ibidi Werther Brunow de Carvalho Mara Sandra Hoshida Clarisse Martins Machado Ester Cerdeira Sabino Lea Campos de Oliveira da Silva Thomas Jaenisch Maria Cássia Jacintho Mendes-Correa Philippe Mayaud Rossana Pulcinelli Vieira Francisco HC-FMUSP-Obstetric COVID Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(8):998-1008
200.
Nowadays, the increasing amount of wastes is a concerning reality and the environmental aspects has become a major priority. Following this worry, the purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the possibility of using pulp and paper inorganic wastes, named dregs and grits, in bituminous mixtures as aggregate replacement to reduce environmental effects of these wastes disposal.First, the wastes were chemically and physically characterized and also tested primarily taking into account the requirements for aggregates in bituminous mixtures. Then, formulations were prepared replacing aggregates with wastes in different amounts. The mechanical properties of these mixtures containing wastes were compared with reference samples based on standard methods.According to the results it was possible to verify that grits had a good performance and it might be directly tested industrially as an aggregate in road construction. On the other hand, dregs need to be treated before incorporation to guarantee stable mixes in terms of water sensitivity. 相似文献