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281.
Annelle Mendez Carla A. Ng João Paulo Machado Torres Wanderley Bastos Christian Bogdal George Alexandre dos Reis Konrad Hungerbuehler 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(11):10317-10334
Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the fate and transport of persistent organic pollutants like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in tropical environments. In Brazil, indoor residual spraying with DDT to combat malaria and leishmaniasis began in the 1950s and was banned in 1998. Nonetheless, high concentrations of DDT and its metabolites were recently detected in human breast milk in the community of Lake Puruzinho in the Brazilian Amazon. In this work, we couple analysis of soils and sediments from 2005 to 2014 at Puruzinho with a novel dynamic floodplain model to investigate the movement and distribution of DDT and its transformation products (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)) and implications for human exposure. The model results are in good agreement with the accumulation pattern observed in the measurements, in which DDT, DDE, and DDD (collectively, DDX) accumulate primarily in upland soils and sediments. However, a significant increase was observed in DDX concentrations in soil samples from 2005 to 2014, coupled with a decrease of DDT/DDE ratios, which do not agree with model results assuming a post-ban regime. These observations strongly suggest recent use. We used the model to investigate possible re-emissions after the ban through two scenarios: one assuming DDT use for IRS and the other assuming use against termites and leishmaniasis. Median DDX concentrations and p,p′-DDT/p,p′-DDE ratios from both of these scenarios agreed with measurements in soils, suggesting that the soil parameterization in our model was appropriate. Measured DDX concentrations in sediments were between the two re-emission scenarios. Therefore, both soil and sediment comparisons suggest re-emissions indeed occurred between 2005 and 2014, but additional measurements would be needed to better understand the actual re-emission patterns. Monte Carlo analysis revealed model predictions for sediments were very sensitive to highly uncertain parameters associated with DDT degradation and partitioning. With this model as a tool for understanding inter-media cycling, additional research to refine these parameters would improve our understanding of DDX fate and transport in tropical sediments. 相似文献
282.
Bernardo B. N. Strassburg Agnieszka E. Latawiec Anna Creed Nga Nguyen Gilla Sunnenberg Lera Miles Andrew Lovett Lucas Joppa Ralph Ashton Jörn P. W. Scharlemann Felipe Cronenberger Alvaro Iribarrem 《Sustainability Science》2014,9(2):129-141
There has been a concerted effort by the international scientific community to understand the multiple causes and patterns of land-cover change to support sustainable land management. Here, we examined biophysical suitability, and a novel integrated index of “Economic Pressure on Land” (EPL) to explain land cover in the year 2000, and estimated the likelihood of future land-cover change through 2050, including protected area effectiveness. Biophysical suitability and EPL explained almost half of the global pattern of land cover (R 2 = 0.45), increasing to almost two-thirds in areas where a long-term equilibrium is likely to have been reached (e.g. R 2 = 0.64 in Europe). We identify a high likelihood of future land-cover change in vast areas with relatively lower current and past deforestation (e.g. the Congo Basin). Further, we simulated emissions arising from a “business as usual” and two reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) scenarios by incorporating data on biomass carbon. As our model incorporates all biome types, it highlights a crucial aspect of the ongoing REDD + debate: if restricted to forests, “cross-biome leakage” would severely reduce REDD + effectiveness for climate change mitigation. If forests were protected from deforestation yet without measures to tackle the drivers of land-cover change, REDD + would only reduce 30 % of total emissions from land-cover change. Fifty-five percent of emissions reductions from forests would be compensated by increased emissions in other biomes. These results suggest that, although REDD + remains a very promising mitigation tool, implementation of complementary measures to reduce land demand is necessary to prevent this leakage. 相似文献
283.
Ana Luiza Machado Terra Roberta da Costa Kosinski Juliana Botelho Moreira Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):709-716
The occurrence of diseases in cultivars has caused significant losses in global food production. The advancement of nanobiotechnology makes it possible to obtain new products to be used in the control of pathogens in cultivars. Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized by microalgae and are widely known for their antimicrobial activity. In addition, the biomass produced in microalgal culture for the biosynthesis of the nanoparticles also demonstrates antimicrobial properties, as it can increase the antibacterial and antifungal potential of the silver nanoparticles. In this context, this article addresses the use of microalgae to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles simultaneously with biomass production. In addition, we demonstrate the antimicrobial potential of these nanomaterials, as well as of the microalgal biomass produced in biosynthesis, to use in the control of pathogens in agriculture. 相似文献
284.
Lins Neto EM Peroni N Maranhão CM Maciel MI de Albuquerque UP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(7):4489-4499
Plant domestication is an evolutionary process guided by human groups who modify the landscape for their needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic variations between populations of Spondias tuberosa Arruda (umbuzeiro) when subjected to different local landscape management strategies. The influence of the landscape management system on these populations was evaluated in five identified regional units (mountains, base of mountains, pastures, cultivated areas and home gardens). Ten individuals were randomly selected from each region and subjected to morphological and chemical fruit analysis. The diversity index, based on Simpson's index, was determined for the different populations. We then evaluated the morphological differences between the individual fruits from the distinct landscape areas. We observed no significant differences in morphological diversity between the areas studied. Our data suggest that the umbuzeiro specimens in this region may be in the process of incipient domestication. 相似文献
285.
286.
de Souza Celente Gleison Colares Gustavo Stolzenberg Machado Ênio Leandro Lobo Eduardo Alexis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(10):9931-9937
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water shortage is a current problem faced by many regions. The deterioration of water bodies driven by the directly discard of untreated wastewater... 相似文献
287.
Ability of salt marsh plants for TBT remediation in sediments 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Pedro N. Carvalho M. Clara P. Basto Manuela F. G. M. Silva Ana Machado A. A. Bordalo M. Teresa S. D. Vasconcelos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(6):1279-1286
Introduction
The capability of Halimione portulacoides, Spartina maritima, and Sarcocornia fruticosa (halophytes very commonly found in salt marshes from Mediterranean areas) for enhancing remediation of tributyltin (TBT) from estuarine sediments was investigated, using different experimental conditions. 相似文献288.
Sexual reproduction of the scyphomedusa Aurelia aurita in relation to temperature and variable food supply 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of food availability and temperature on sexual maturation and female reproductive output of the scyphomedusa
Aurelia aurita was examined in two populations from the contrasting environments of Southampton Water and Horsea Lake, England. Trends in
oogenesis and subsequent reproductive output differed markedly between the two populations. In Southampton Water, the onset
of sexual maturation occurred earliest in the larger medusae, but eventually all females became ripe, the smallest being 45 mm
bell diameter (BD). The decrease in minimum size at maturity was correlated with increasing temperature. In A. aurita from Horsea Lake, size at maturity varied on a seasonal basis, with the smallest ripe female being only 19 to 20 mm BD. There
were spring and autumn periods of sexual maturation in this population. During the autumn period, it is likely that food limitation
was playing a more critical role in determining medusa size, with decreasing temperature indirectly affecting A. aurita by limiting primary and secondary production. In similar-sized ripe medusae, fecundity was greater in Southampton Water,
but the planula larvae produced were significantly smaller than those in Horsea Lake. It is suggested that in Horsea Lake,
the quality of the larvae are greater in terms of biochemical content to ensure survival of the few gametes produced (i.e.
K-strategy). Comparison of the reproductive effort of the two A. aurita populations revealed that medusae from Southampton Water, which experience greater food availability, are able to direct
more energy to reproduction than Horsea Lake medusae. In the latter, A. aurita medusae appear to partition the available food resources into either somatic growth (and therefore increased future fecundity)
when food is abundant, or reproductive growth when food is scarce.
Received: 24 June 1997 / Accepted: 23 March 1998 相似文献
289.
Impact of alternative metrics on estimates of extent of occurrence for extinction risk assessment
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Lucas N. Joppa Stuart H. M. Butchart Michael Hoffmann Steve P. Bachman H. Resit Akçakaya Justin F. Moat Monika Böhm Robert A. Holland Adrian Newton Beth Polidoro Adrian Hughes 《Conservation biology》2016,30(2):362-370
In International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments, extent of occurrence (EOO) is a key measure of extinction risk. However, the way assessors estimate EOO from maps of species’ distributions is inconsistent among assessments of different species and among major taxonomic groups. Assessors often estimate EOO from the area of mapped distribution, but these maps often exclude areas that are not habitat in idiosyncratic ways and are not created at the same spatial resolutions. We assessed the impact on extinction risk categories of applying different methods (minimum convex polygon, alpha hull) for estimating EOO for 21,763 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians. Overall, the percentage of threatened species requiring down listing to a lower category of threat (taking into account other Red List criteria under which they qualified) spanned 11–13% for all species combined (14–15% for mammals, 7–8% for birds, and 12–15% for amphibians). These down listings resulted from larger estimates of EOO and depended on the EOO calculation method. Using birds as an example, we found that 14% of threatened and near threatened species could require down listing based on the minimum convex polygon (MCP) approach, an approach that is now recommended by IUCN. Other metrics (such as alpha hull) had marginally smaller impacts. Our results suggest that uniformly applying the MCP approach may lead to a one‐time down listing of hundreds of species but ultimately ensure consistency across assessments and realign the calculation of EOO with the theoretical basis on which the metric was founded. 相似文献
290.
Camila Zatz Rachel M. Werneck Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez Glauco Machado 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(5):995-1005
Intense male–male competition for females may drive the evolution of male morphological dimorphism, which is frequently associated
with alternative mating tactics. Using modern techniques for the detection of discontinuous allometries, we describe male
dimorphism in the Neotropical harvestman Longiperna concolor, the males of which use their elongated, sexually dimorphic legs IV in fights for the possession of territories where females
lay eggs. We also tested three predictions related to the existence of alternative mating tactics: (1) if individuals with
relatively longer legs IV (majors) are more likely to monopolize access to reproductive resources, they are expected to remain
close to stable groups of females more than individuals with relatively shorter legs IV (minors) do; (2) if minors achieve
fertilization by moving between territories, they are expected to be less faithful to specific sites; and (3) majors should
be observed in aggressive interactions more often. We individually marked all the individuals from a population of Longiperna during the reproductive season and recorded the location of each sighting for males and females as well as the identity of
males involved in fights. Majors were more likely to have harems, and large majors were even more likely to do so. Majors
were more philopatric and all males involved in fights belonged to this morph. These results strongly suggest that the mating
tactic of the majors is based on resource defense whereas that of the minors probably relies on sneaking into the territories
of the majors and furtively copulating with females. 相似文献