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61.
62.
C. M. Oliveira M. F. Camões P. Bigus A. A. Fachado R. B. Silva 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2015,187(6):380
In this work, particulate matter was collected using an active sampling system consisting of a PM10 (<10 μm) inlet coupled to a multifold device containing six channels, connected to a vacuum pump. Each channel was equipped with a filter holder fitted with adequately chosen filters. The system was fixed on a metallic structure, which was placed on the roof of the laboratory building, at the Faculty of Sciences, in Lisbon. Sampling took place under flow-controlled conditions. Aerosols were extracted from the filters with water, in defined conditions, and the water-soluble fraction was quantified by ion chromatography (IC) for the determination of inorganic anions (Cl?, NO3 ? and SO4 2?). Equivalent sampling through the various channels was validated. Validation was based on the metrological compatibility of the content results for the various filters. Ion masses are metrologically equivalent when their absolute difference is smaller than the respective expanded uncertainty. When this condition is verified, the studied multifold device produces equivalent samples. 相似文献
63.
Guimarães Barbara Maria Ribeiro Scatolino Mário Vanoli Martins Maria Alice Ferreira Saulo Rocha Mendes Lourival Marin Lima José Tarcísio Junior Mario Guimarães Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(6):8665-8683
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The growing demand for products with lower environmental impact and the extensive applicability of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have received... 相似文献
64.
The effects of light exposure on the photosynthetic activity of kleptoplasts were studied in the sacoglossan mollusc Elysia viridis. The photosynthetic activity of ingested chloroplasts was assessed in vivo by non-destructively measuring photophysiological
parameters using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Animals kept under starvation were exposed to two contrasting
light conditions, 30 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (low light, LL), and 140 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (high light, HL), and changes in photosynthetic activity were monitored by measuring the maximum quantum yield of photosystem
II (PSII), F
v/F
m, the minimum fluorescence, F
o, related to chlorophyll a content, and by measuring rapid light-response curves (RLC) of relative electron transport rate (rETR). RLCs were characterised
by the initial slope of the curve, αRLC, related to efficiency of light capture, and the maximum rETR level, rETRm,RLC, determined by the carbon-fixation metabolism. Starvation induced the decrease of all photophysiological parameters. However,
the retention of photosynthetic activity (number of days for F
v/F
m > 0), as well as the rate and the patterns of its decrease over time, varied markedly with light exposure. Under HL conditions,
a rapid, exponential decrease was observed for F
v/F
m, αRLC and rETRm,RLC, F
o not showing any consistent trend of variation, and retention times ranged between 6 and 15 days. These results suggested
that the retention of chloroplast functionality is limited by photoinactivation of PSII reaction center protein D1. In contrast,
under LL conditions, a slower decrease in all parameters was found, with retention times varying from 15 to 57 days. F
v/F
m, αRLC and rETRm,RLC exhibited a bi-phasic pattern composed by a long phase of slow decrease in values followed by a rapid decline, whilst F
o decayed exponentially. These results were interpreted as resulting from lower rates of D1 photoinactivation under low light
and from the gradual decrease in carbon provided by photosynthesis due to reduction of functional photosynthetic units. 相似文献
65.
Lucon Thiago Nogueira Costa Adivane Terezinha Galvão Paulo Leite Mariangela Garcia Praça 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(9):8965-8979
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Karst regions are important water providers, supplying approximately 25% of the world population. These areas present higher vulnerability to... 相似文献
66.
Borges A Scotti LV Siqueira DR Zanini R Amaral Fd Jurinitz DF Wassermann GF 《Chemosphere》2007,69(6):920-926
Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen, Quoy and Gaimard), a South American teleostean fish, was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of cypermethrin (30% and 45% of the 48-h LC(50) value of 0.265 ppm) for 2, 4 or 8 days. Serum biochemical and hematological values and behavioral changes were studied. The 30% LC(50), 0.08 ppm, produced significant increases in Mg(2+), P, K(+), creatinine, urea, glucose, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels, and reduction in total proteins and triglycerides in serum. The 45% LC(50), 0.12 ppm, produced significant increase in Na(+), Mg(2+), P, K(+), creatinine, urea, glucose, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase, and reduction in triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase levels in serum. At this concentration, the fish showed behavior changes such as hyper-excitability, asphyxia, and widening of mouth and operculum. The hematological values remained normal, except for hemoglobin concentrations and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, which increased with exposure to 0.08 ppm and 0.12 ppm cypermethrin. Results of the present work show that biochemical analysis of serum can be useful to detect incipient cypermethrin intoxication of the shoal. 相似文献
67.
“Measuring Sustainability”: A Multi-Criterion Framework 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
So far, the elementary question of whether one country’s or region’s economy is moving towards sustainability or away from it cannot be answered with unanimous consensus on the ‘measuring rod(s)’ to be employed. The main assumption of this article is that sustainability assessment needs a set of multi-dimensional indicators. From this assumption a question arises: how could such indicators be aggregated? Often, some indicators improve while others deteriorate. For instance, when incomes grow, SO2 might go down while CO2 increases. It has to be noted that this is the classical conflictual situation studied in multi-criteria decision theory. The use of a multi-criterion framework for making operational the ‘measuring of sustainability’ is discussed here by means of illustrative examples and more formal arguments. 相似文献
68.
Helena Bichão Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson Atle Wibe Jorge Araújo Hanna Mustaparta 《Chemoecology》2005,15(4):211-226
Summary. An important question in insect-plant interactions is which of the numerous plant compounds contribute to the perception of
odour qualities in herbivorous insects and are likely to be used as cues in host-searching behaviour. In order to identify
which plant-produced volatiles the strawberry blossom weevil Anthonomus rubi detects, we have used electrophysiological recordings from single olfactory neurones linked to gas chromatography and mass
spectrometry. We here present 15 receptor neurone types specialised for naturally produced compounds present in the host and
nonhost plants and two types for two aggregation pheromone components. The active compounds were terpenoids, aromatic and
aliphatic esters, alcohols and aldehydes, some of which are induced by feeding activity of the weevils. The neurones were
characterised by a strong response to one or two primary odorants and weaker responses to a few others having similar chemical
structure. With one exception, the molecular receptive range of each neurone type was within one chemical group. Enantiomers
of linalool separated on a chiral column activated two neurone types with different enantioselectivity. Inhibition by linalool
of another neurone type, excited by α-pinene, indicated an additional mechanism for coding the information about this compound.
Altogether, detection of 54 compounds by olfactory receptor neurones is shown, of which 40 have been chemically identified
in this study. Thus A. rubi has the ability to detect a large number of odorants that may be used in host selection behaviour. 相似文献
69.
es Ruiz de Arcaute Celeste Ossana Natalia A. Pérez-Iglesias Juan Manuel Soloneski Sonia Larramendy Marcelo L. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(20):20485-20498
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pesticides might increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dicamba (DIC) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are auxinic... 相似文献
70.
Branquinho C Serrano HC Pinto MJ Martins-Loução MA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(2):437-443
The several established criteria to define a hyperaccumulator plant were applied to a rare and endangered species, Plantago almogravensis, and to the 3rd most abundant element in the earth crust, Al. Using the most common criteria, P. almogravensis undoubtedly is an Al hyperaccumulator plant. If the recent proposed requirements were considered, most of them matching those for a plant to be used in phytoextraction, it can only be considered an unusual accumulator of Al. A discussion is made concerning the several criteria of a hyperaccumulator plant in order to include rare and endemic ones and abundant elements. In ecological terms, the enrichment in Al and Fe observed may account for the differences in the vegetation pattern. Due to the rarity and endangered nature of this plant, the contribution of this work is also relevant for the ecological understanding and the development of conservation options of this endemic species. 相似文献