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排序方式: 共有321条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
51.
Fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) has been characterized in terms of polychlorinated dibenzyl-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) content. Increasing values of PCDD/Fs have been found to correlate with decreasing temperatures of sampling points in flue gas treatment lines of the plants, confirming other researchers' findings about temperature as the major controlling parameter for the PCDD/F formation. Measured PCDD/F ratios show that de novo synthesis is the dominant formation mechanism. The increasing trends of particulate-bound PCDD/Fs can be explained not only through the dominant de novo synthesis process but also considering the adsorption of gaseous PCDD/Fs on fly ash deposits, even outside the typical de novo synthesis temperature ranges. The effective role of a post-combustor unit, imposed by Italian law to destroy PCDD/ Fs, also needs to be carefully reconsidered. 相似文献
52.
Cristiana Sacco Anna Maria Pizzo Emilia Tiscione Daniela Burrini Luca Messeri Luciano Lepri Massimo Del Bubba 《Water environment research》2006,78(7):754-763
The removal of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100, dosed at 30 and 300 mg/L in a pilot-scale subsurface horizontal flow reed bed, and the aerobic heterotrophic cultivable community associated with the roots and with the substrate gravel in both absence and presence of Triton X-100 were investigated. t-Octylphenol (OP) and its mono-, di- and tri-ethoxyl derivatives, among others, were found in the outlet. A mass balance allowed us to calculate that approximately 40% of the Triton X-100 metabolites OP and octylphenol polyethoxylate derivatives flowed out of the reed bed during the dosage and postdosage experiments. More aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms adhered to the roots than to the gravel. The appearance of new strains (Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, and Aquaspirillum) and the increased presence of others (Pseudomonas) during the dosage of Triton may be linked to the capacity of these bacteria to adapt to the presence of the surfactant or to use it as a nourishment. 相似文献
53.
Mrcia Gabriel Genesio Mario da Rosa Arci Dirceu Wastowski Jefferson Alves da Costa Fernanda Volpatto 《环境质量管理》2019,29(2):149-154
Separation of water for reuse is essential in an effluent treatment system, especially in activities with high water consumption, such as a pig production system. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Tanfloc SG® coagulant tannin/organic flocculant used to treat effluent generated during the intensive rearing of swine. For the evaluation, laboratory and in situ tests (field test) were performed. The laboratory tests were performed to define the concentration (1 and 16%), dosage (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 milliliters of the solution), and time (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) of coagulation/flocculation treatment of the solid portion of the effluent. The parameters pH, turbidity, oxidation reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and electroconductivity (in microsiemens per centimeter) were evaluated using a multiparameter probe and the parameters ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), and nitrite (NO2) in the laboratory, in relation to the coagulation/flocculation time of the solid part of the effluent. The use of tannin as a coagulant/flocculant of plant origin in the treatment of swine effluents was effective in reducing turbidity and concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate, and it allowed separation of the solid–liquid phase in approximately 68% as liquid phase. 相似文献
54.
55.
Raquel Segurado Sandrina Pereira Ana Pipio Luís Alves 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(10):907-910
Currently, issues related with climate change, security of energy supply, energy efficiency and sustainability are at the core of all energy policies and strategies. The current technologies are not able to face this challenge; therefore, the development of new and more sustainable energy technologies must be supported.As part of this, energy technology assessment tools can help decision-makers in the identification and evaluation of sustainable energy solutions, in order to integrate them in long term energy strategies.The EMINENT tool was developed to assess the performance and market potential of early stage technologies (EST) in a pre-defined energy chain, under national conditions, in terms of financial, energy and environmental criteria.This paper presents a comparative study between EMINENT and other tools for energy technology assessment. The tools analysed were CO2DB, MARKAL, IKARUS and E3Database.Although there are many different energy technology assessment tools, EMINENT seems to be the only one targeting EST. 相似文献
56.
Fabrizio Passarini Luca Ciacci Alessandro Santini Ivano Vassura Luciano Morselli 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):39-45
The transportation sector constitutes the major end-use market for aluminium-containing products and expectations for the future do indicate that aluminium will increase at 140 kg per vehicle. Moreover, up to 75 % aluminium recycled in Europe is used in transportation: thus, metal scrap recovered from ELVs is a key lever to act for closing material cycles. However, although the management chain of ELVs has an established procedure and aluminium scrap is usually recovered in shredding plants, a considerable fraction of the metal particles ends up in the light fraction called car fluff and is then landfilled. In this study we investigated potential of enhancing the recovery of aluminium scrap from the light fluff treatment. With this goal, the quantity of aluminium embedded in the Italian transport sector in the last 62 years was estimated, and a campaign of characterization in size and shape distribution of aluminium particles in the light fluff output has been carried out. The results estimated up to about 560,000 tons of metal are potentially recoverable from the treatment of light fluff at current operating conditions, but relevant improvements may be achieve when size and shape distribution criteria are adopt to implement eddy currents separation for a quantitative metal recovery. 相似文献
57.
Rai Mahendra Ingle Avinash P. Gupta Indarchand Pandit Raksha Paralikar Priti Gade Aniket Chaud Marco V. dos Santos Carolina Alves 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):277-290
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Food spoilage is a major global concern due to the lack of proper packaging technology. Nanotechnology is expected to improve food packaging. Indeed, novel... 相似文献
58.
G. Bruce Williamson † William F. Laurance † Alexandre A. Oliveira ‡ Patricia Delamônica † Claude Gascon † Thomas E. Lovejoy § and Luciano Pohl† 《Conservation biology》2000,14(5):1538-1542
Abstract: In 1997, the Amazon Basin experienced an exceptionally severe El Niño drought. We assessed effects of this rare event on mortality rates of trees in intact rain forest based on data from permanent plots. Long-term (5- to 13-year) mortality rates averaged only 1.12% per year prior to the drought. During the drought year, annual mortality jumped to 1.91% but abruptly fell back to 1.23% in the year following El Niño. Trees dying during the drought did not differ significantly in size or species composition from those that died previously, and there was no detectable effect of soil texture on mortality rates. These results suggest that intact Amazonian rainforests are relatively resistant to severe El Niño events. 相似文献
59.
Photoreactivity of humic substances: relationship between fluorescence and singlet oxygen production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christian Coelho Ghislain Guyot Alexandra ter Halle Luciano Cavani Claudio Ciavatta Claire Richard 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):447-451
Humic substances are natural compounds abundantly present in the environment. They play a significant role in the natural
attenuation of pollution in surface water due to their capacity to generate reactive species upon solar light excitation.
Finding physico chemical parameters related to this property would be of a great help in the prediction studies of the organic
pollutants fate. In this work, we investigated relationships between the ability of the humic substances to produce singlet
oxygen and their fluorescence properties. For this, a series of sixteen humic acids, fulvic acids, and water-extractable organic
matter from soils were studied. The steady-state singlet oxygen concentrations in the irradiated humic substances solutions
were measured by monitoring the loss of furfuryl alcohol added as a singlet oxygen scavenger. The emission spectra of the
sixteen samples were also recorded. Values of the steady-state singlet oxygen concentrations and the emission intensities
showed significant variations among the humic samples and a parallel increase. Thus, here we demonstrate that the rate of
singlet oxygen production and the emission intensity of the humic samples are correlated, the best correlation being obtained
for emission wavelengths between 500 and 580 nm. This correlation which was never reported until now can be used to estimate
the singlet oxygen-production capacity of the humic substances based on their fluorescent properties. 相似文献
60.
Luciano Farias de Novaes Bruna Luckmann Saratt José Alberto Domingues Rodrigues Suzana Maria Ratusznei Deovaldo de Moraes Rogers Ribeiro Marcelo Zaiat Eugenio Foresti 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(8):1647-1656
The objective of this work was to assess the effect of agitation rate and impeller type in two mechanically stirred sequencing batch reactors: one containing granulated biomass (denominated ASBR) and the other immobilized biomass on polyurethane foam (denominated AnSBBR). Each configuration, with total volume of 1 m3, treated 0.65 m3 sanitary wastewater at ambient temperature in 8-h cycles. Three impeller types were assessed for each reactor configuration: flat-blade turbine impeller, 45°-inclined-blade turbine impeller and helix impeller, as well as two agitation rates: 40 and 80 rpm, resulting in a combination of six experimental conditions. In addition, the ASBR was also operated at 20 rpm with a flat-blade turbine impeller and the AnSBBR was operated with a draft tube and helix impeller at 80 and 120 rpm. To quantify how impeller type and agitation rate relate to substrate consumption rate, results obtained during monitoring at the end of the cycle, as well as the time profiles during a cycle were analyzed. Increasing agitation rate from 40 rpm to 80 rpm in the AnSBBR improved substrate consumption rate whereas in the ASBR this increase destabilized the system, likely due to granule rupture caused by the higher agitation. The AnSBBR showed highest solids and substrate removal, highest kinetic constant and highest alkalinity production when using a helix impeller, 80 rpm, and no draft tube. The best condition for the ASBR was achieved with a flat-blade turbine impeller at 20 rpm. The presence of the draft tube in the AnSBBR did not show significant improvement in reactor efficiency. Furthermore, power consumption studies in these pilot scale reactors showed that power transfer required to improve mass transfer might be technically and economically feasible. 相似文献