有机酚及光照强度对水网藻的胁迫效应研究

研究了富营养化水体中有机酚及光照强度等对修复生物的影响。结果表明,充足的光照可以有效地提高水网藻对水中有机酚的抗性、加速苯酚的降解、增加活性氧产率、降低细胞质膜的电解质透性并且增强多糖的代谢;而高于50 mg/L的苯酚会导致水网藻细胞质膜电解质透性显著增强、多糖含量降低,进而对水网藻产生不可逆性损伤。     

生物沥滤-焚烧法处理制革污泥中铬迁移转化研究

采用生物沥滤-焚烧方法,先将制革污泥中大部分难溶的有毒重金属——铬从固相溶出转移至液相,之后将沥滤后制革污泥进行有效的固液两相分离,并对分离后的固相污泥进行焚烧处理实验,研究生物沥滤-焚烧处理法对制革污泥中的总Cr在不同介质中的浓度影响。结果表明,生物沥滤法处理制革污泥后,以金属离子交换形态存在的总Cr含量增加,其中68.56%的总Cr6+和87.70%的总Cr得以去除,去除效果十分明显;将沥滤脱水后的污泥进行焚烧处理,以残渣态形式存在的总Cr相对含量变大,迁移能力减弱;铬在高温下与其他重金属元素形成复杂的金属化合物及络合物:Cr1.3Fe0.7O0.5、Na4(CrO4)(SO4)、Ca5(CrO4)3O0.5,有助于今后进一步对整个生物沥滤-焚烧处理过程进行反应机理研究。     

异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚交互因果关系研究——基于多空间收敛交叉映射技术

异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚之间存在复杂而紧密的交互因果关系,如何加快两者融合发展,构建区域经济环境协调优势值得进一步研究。本文利用大数据分析方法,基于国内2011—2019年异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚的省域面板数据,采用多空间收敛交叉映射模型,在区域间高新技术企业共聚水平测度基础上,从“被共聚”和“向共聚”两个维度实证检验了高新技术企业共聚与不同类型环境规制间的交互因果关系。研究结果表明,不同类型环境规制与高新技术企业共聚之间存在的耦合关系各不相同,其中,命令控制型环境规制一方面受高新技术企业“向共聚”带来的促进作用,另一方面又将促进高新技术企业“被共聚”水平提升,且后者的影响程度略高于前者,存在显著双向因果关系;而市场激励型环境规制仅受高新技术企业“向共聚”的正向促进作用,存在显著单向因果关系;但公众参与型环境规制与高新技术企业共聚两者间不存在相互影响,无显著因果关系。本文聚焦异质性环境规制与高新技术企业共聚间的良性互动,为客观评价高新技术企业共聚微观绩效提供经验证据,为进一步在开放中实现经济与环境协同发展提供有益的政策启示。     

白洋淀典型抗生素与底栖藻类群落指标相关性研究

底栖藻类作为湖泊中主要的生产者,其对抗生素较为敏感,目前有关喹诺酮类抗生素(quinolones, QNs)与底栖藻类群落的相关性研究较为缺乏,因此本研究选取白洋淀为研究区,利用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测水体QNs浓度,并分析底栖藻类群落结构和功能指标,利用商值法(RQ)计算QNs的生态风险值,建立QNs生态风险与底栖藻类群落指标的相关性。研究结果如下。(1)白洋淀QNs浓度存在明显时空差异。就空间分布而言,QNs的最高浓度出现在生境1(1 309.80ng·L~(-1));就时间变化而言,4月QNs浓度最高;就QNs种类而言,氟甲喹(flumequine, FLU)浓度最高(1 054.38 ng·L~(-1));(2)就藻类群落指标的空间分布而言,除藻密度(AD)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素b/a(Chl b/a)、绿藻比例(CHL)、蓝藻比例(CYA)、碱性磷酸酶(APA)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(GLU)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LEU)和无灰干重(AFDW)等指标最大值出现在生境2外,其他指标最大值出现在生境3;就时间分布而言,大部分底栖藻类群落指标11月值高于4月和8月;(3)除FLU的生态风险处于中等水平外,其余QNs生态风险较低;其中,8月生境2的生态风险值最高(RQ最大值为0.9446);(4) AD、Chl a、Chl b、叶绿素c(Chl c)、Chl b/a与RQ_(CIP)和RQ_(FLU)呈显著相关,其中Chl a与RQ_(FLU)的相关性显著(r=0.827,P<0.01)。结果表明,底栖藻类结构指标与QNs风险值相关性较为显著,因此,可考虑筛选较为敏感的底栖藻类群落结构指标,为富营养化湖泊生态监测方法研究提供理论基础及相关数据支撑。     

Synthesis of TiO2 visible light catalysts with controllable crystalline phase and morphology from Ti-bearing electric arc furnace molten slag

TiO₂ visible light catalysts with different crystalline phases and morphologies were synthesized from titanium-bearing electric arc furnace molten slag (Ti-bearing EAF slag) by using a simple acidolysis process. The effects of the pH of the HCl solution, liquid to solid ratio (R_L/S, HCl solution to the residue ratio, mL/g) and acidolysis time on the micro-morphology and crystalline phase of as-prepared TiO₂ photocatalysts were systematically investigated. The results indicated that with decreasing pH in the HCl solution and increasing R_L/S, the crystalline phase and micro-morphology of the obtained TiO₂ nanostructures tended to transform from anatase type TiO₂ with spherical nanoparticle structures to rutile type TiO₂ with needle-like nanorod structures. The acidolysis time had little influence on the crystalline phase but great impact on the size of the obtained TiO₂. The growth mechanism of TiO₂ from Ti-bearing EAF slag during the acidolysis process was also discussed. In addition, the influence of R_L/S on the photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanostructured TiO₂ was studied. The results showed that the photodegradation efficiency for Rhodamine B solution could reach 91.00% in 120 min when the R_L/S was controlled at 50:1.     

阜新市酸雨的变化规律与防治措施和方法

本文以阜新市“十五”和“十一五”期间酸雨的变化规律,用监测数据的方法说明酸雨发生变化的原因和变化规律,阐述了阜新市政府防治酸雨的具体措施和防治方法.     

Variations in traffic-related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Kanazawa, Japan, after the implementation of a new vehicle emission regulation

A three-year sampling campaign was conducted at a roadside air pollution monitoring station in the urban area of Kanazawa, Japan. Due to a new emission regulation, PAHs levels decreased over the sampling campaign, exhibiting values of 706 ± 413 pg/m³ in 2017, 559 ± 384 pg/m³ in 2018, and 473 ± 234 pg/m³ in 2019. In each year, similar seasonal variations in PAHs levels were observed, with higher levels observed in winter and lower levels in summer. Among the PAHs isomer ratios, we observed that the ratio of benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), [BbF]/([BbF] + [BkF]), and the ratio of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IDP) and benzo[ghi]perylene (BgPe), [IDP]/([BgPe] + [IDP]), showed stability over the sampling campaign and were less affected by the new emission regulation, seasonal variations, and regional characteristics. When using the combined ratio ranges of 0.66 - 0.80 ([BbF]/([BbF] + [BkF]) and 0.26-0.49 ([IDP]/([BgPe] + [IDP]), traffic emissions were clearly distinguished from other PAHs emission sources. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were also performed to further analyse the characteristics of traffic-related PAHs. Overall, this study affirmed the effectiveness of the new emission regulation in the reduction of PAHs emissions and provided a combined range for identifying PAHs traffic emission sources.     

Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China

Trace metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) exposures, distribution and bioaccumulation were investigated in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. The results showed that all of the selected metals were observed in marine organisms with a predomination of Cu and Zn. The metal exposure levels exhibited obvious variations between species with the decreasing order of crab>shellfish>shrimp>fish. The higher metals enrichment seen in shellfish and crab species primarily attributed to their living habits and the higher sediment background values of trace metals. Endpoint bioaccumulation factor (BAF_fd) was used to characterize the bioaccumulation potentials of marine organisms to trace metals, of which Cu and Zn were the most accumulated elements. The exposure of trace metals in the cultured organisms was far lower than those in wild marine organisms, which is probably due to the effect of growth dilution. Comparisons with previous studies demonstrated that the concentration profiles of most trace metals declined over the last one to two decades, except Cu, that increased indistinctively.     

浅谈当前我国环境执法的障碍与对策

环境执法是我国环境法制建设的一个重要组成部分。本文从当前环境立法权威、环境立法之间的关系、环境立法内容、环境职能部门的权力配置、执法人员素质、地方领导、环境管理体制、环境执法的群众参与以及公民的环境法律意识等方面问题和障碍的分析，提出了应对策略和建议。