泰州港规划对生态环境影响的研究

港区开发对生态环境有重要影响.基于文献调研资料,分析了泰州港规划对生态环境的影响.施工期,将破坏底栖生物生境,增加水域悬浮物、油污和重金属;运营期,矿粉、煤的装卸会导致粉尘扩散,污染水体,过往船舶会惊扰珍稀水生动物;船舶密度的增大,溢油等会造成重大环境污染事故.在施工结束后,底栖生物群落将很快恢复到接近正常水平.港区开发建设中采取合理的保护措施,可保护并促进生态环境的持续发展.     

Comprehensive Assessment of Regional Circular Economy Development Based on Efficiency of Resource ＆ Environment A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

In the first, the paper gave a retrospective analysis on the comprehensive assessment of circular economic development. According to the requirement of improving resource ＆ environment efficiency, the paper designed an analytical framework for a comprehensive assessment of regional circular economic growth, which consists of the goal, object and technical line of the comprehensive assessment of regional circular economic development. Given that, the paper discussed the criterion for choosing the assessment index, the approaches of index＇s weighing determination, the means of data standardization, and the reference system of assessment index value and so on. According to the framework of regional circular economic development evaluation, the paper made a comprehensive evaluation of Jiangsu Province＇s circular economic development. The result shows that from temporal change, Jiangsu Province＇s circular economic development had different stages; from the spatial comparison, there is variance among different regions, which could be divided into different types according to the spatial variance and the relation between the development of circular economy and the aggregative index number. There was a remarkable correlation between circular economic development level and GDP or the 2nd industry GDP. Finally, the ？aper gives some suggestions on how to promote the development of drcular economy in Jiangsu Province.     

Size distribution of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fresh combustion smoke and ambient air: A review

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels. PAHs are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or distributed to different-sized particles during the aging of air masses. PAHs carried by fine particles undergo a long-range transport to remote areas while those adsorbed on coarse particles have a shorter lifetime in ambient air. More importantly, PAHs with higher molecular weights tend to be bound with finer particles and can deeply enter the lungs, posing severe health risks to humans. Thus, the environmental fate and health effects of particulate PAHs are strongly size-dependent. This review summarizes the size distributions of particulate PAHs freshly emitted from combustion sources as well as the distribution patterns of PAHs in ambient particles. It was found that PAHs from stationary sources are primarily bound to fine particles, which are slightly larger than particles to which PAHs from mobile sources are bound. In ambient air, particulate PAHs are distributed in larger size modes than those in the combustion fume, and the particle size decreases with PAH molecular weight increasing. The relevant mechanisms and influencing factors of particle size distribution changes are illustrated in this article, which are essentially attributed to combustion and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of PAHs. Overall, the study on the particle size distribution of PAHs will contribute for a full understanding of the origin, atmospheric behaviors and health effects of particulate PAHs.     

模拟SO42-沉降对闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地N2O通量的影响

选取闽江口塔礁洲淡水感潮野慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia L.)湿地为研究对象,2015年12月—2016年10月,每月小潮日原位定期向实验样地施加2个沉降量水平的硫酸钾溶液:S60(60 kg·hm-2·a-1)和S120(120 kg·hm-2·a-1),运用静态箱-气相色谱法研究模拟硫酸根沉降对河口区淡水感潮湿地N2O通量的影响及主要环境影响因子.对照、S60和S120 3个处理下N2O通量分别为(58.06±23.07)、(23.50±22.85)和(20.75±7.83)μg·m-2·h-1,年尺度上,S120处理显著降低N2O通量(p0.05),S60处理与CK处理差异不显著(p0.05).闽江口淡水感潮野慈姑湿地整体上表现为大气中N2O源.野慈姑湿地N2O排放通量与间隙水盐度呈显著负相关关系.研究表明,对于亚热带河口区淡水感潮野慈姑湿地,施加量为120 kg·hm-2·a-1的模拟硫沉降显著降低其N2O排放通量.     

重金属复合污染下草本植物两两组合水培的富集特性

为了探明草本植物两两组合培养对其重金属富集特性的影响,寻求修复V、Pb、Cd、Cr复合污染的最佳草本植物组合模式,在V、Pb、Cd、Cr 4种重金属〔ρ分别为14.0、0.8、6.0、4.0 mg/L〕共存的水培条件下,研究蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensis turcz)、三叶草(Trifolium repens)、鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa) 4种草本植物两两组合培养时的重金属富集特性,以及对植物生物量、重金属富集量和转运系数的影响. 结果表明:4种草本植物两两组合培养会在不同程度上影响植物的重金属富集特性,在重金属富集能力方面,蒌蒿、鱼腥草和紫花苜蓿分别与三叶草组合培养时,其地上部分w(Cr)分别比单独培养时提高约157%、303%、639%;两两组合培养时,紫花苜蓿可促进蒌蒿、鱼腥草和三叶草对Pb的吸收. 在重金属转移能力方面,效果最突出的是“三叶草‖紫花苜蓿”组合模式,其中三叶草对V、Pb、Cd、Cr 4种重金属的转运系数分别是单独培养时的1.19、2.52、22.60和1.67倍;对不同组合模式下植物地上部分重金属提取量的分析结果显示,“三叶草‖紫花苜蓿”组合模式对V、Pb、Cd、Cr 4种重金属的提取量均较高,分别为1 555、1 688、473、482 mg/kg,表明该组合模式能够有效缓解地表径流对附近土壤造成的叠加污染. 因此,水培条件下不同草本植物两两组合培养会改变植物的重金属富集特性,并且与植物种类有关.      

Toxicity evaluation in a paper recycling mill e uent by coupling bioindicator of aging with the toxicity identification evaluation method in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) can be used to determine the specific toxicant(s) in industrial e uents. In the current study, the authors have attempted to combine the advantages of the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, with the virtues of the TIE technique, to evaluate and identify the toxicity on aging from a paper recycling mill e uent. The results indicate that only the toxicities from mixed cellulose (MC) filtration and EDTA treatment are similar to the baseline aging toxicity, suggesting that the suspect toxicants inducing aging toxicity may largely be the heavy metal substances in this industrial e uent. Examination of the accumulation of intestinal autofluorescence in adult animals further confirms that the short lifespans are actually due to accelerated aging. In addition, exposure to fractions of EDTA manipulations cannot result in severe defects of reproduction and locomotion behaviors in C. elegans. Moreover, high levels of Ca, Al, and Fe in the e uent may account for the severe toxicity on aging of exposed nematodes, by TIE assay. The study here provides a new method for evaluating environmental risk and identifying toxicant(s) from the industrial e uent using C. elegans.     

基于GIS的土地利用类型分形维数及稳定性研究——以滇池流域为例

应用GIS技术及分形理论,以云南省滇池流域为研究区,将土地利用类型划分为5类：耕地、林地、草地、水域及城乡工矿居民用地,并进行各土地利用类型图斑分形维数分析。结果表明：土地利用类型的分布具有分形结构,各土地利用类型分维值介于1.09～1.35之间,总分维值1.146。根据分维值对各土地利用类型稳定性排序：林地〉草地〉耕地〉水域〉城乡工矿居民用地。若不考虑水域影响,稳定性指数均介于0.2～0.5之间的土地利用类型面积占研究区土地总面积的80.18%,总体稳定性良好。说明在人为规划影响下,滇池流域土地利用总的发展比较稳定,人为因素、人工措施的实施比较合理。分维值能较好反映各土地利用类型复杂程度及稳定性。     

Confirmation of combinational effects of calcium with other metals in a paper recycling mill effluent on nematode lifespan with toxicity identification evaluation method

We used toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) method to confirm the combinational e ects of identified toxic metals in a paper recycling mill e uent in inducing the decreased lifespan in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Exposure to Ca + Al caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Al; and exposure to Ca + Fe induced more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Fe. Exposure to Ca+Al+Fe caused more severely decreased lifespan than that exposed to Ca, or Ca+Fe. Moreover, the baseline toxicity on lifespan was doubled by doubling the concentration of combined metals (Ca+Al+Fe) in spiking test in original e uent (oe), and lifespan defects in oe+Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematodes were more severe than that in Ca+Al+Fe exposed nematode. Therefore, Ca+Al+Fe exposure may largely explain the formation of decreased lifespan induced by the examined industrial e uent. Furthermore, the observed reduction of lifespan induced by the combination of high level of Ca with other metals may be at least partially independent of the insulin-like pathway.     

人为干扰条件下白洋淀底栖动物群落变化及其主要环境影响因子分析

底栖动物对维持和稳定湖泊生态系统结构与功能具有重要作用.为了探明长期强人为干扰条件下底栖动物群落结构特征及其主要环境影响因子,本研究分别于2009年和2018年的4月和8月采集和分析了白洋淀8个区水体、沉积物和底栖动物样品.根据人为干扰程度的不同,将白洋淀分为重度干扰区（HD）、中度干扰区（MD）和轻度干扰区（LD）,同时分析了3类生境的理化参数和底栖动物群落结构与多样性指数.研究结果表明：1就水体和沉积物理化参数而言,总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH₄⁺）、硝酸盐（NO₃^-）、磷酸盐（PO₄^3-）和沉积物总氮（TNs）、总磷（TPs）等理化参数在重度干扰区呈最高值;2就底栖动物群落组成而言,在重度干扰区底栖动物群落物种丰度、生物量、密度均最低,且优势种大多以水生昆虫为主;3就底栖动物群落多样性指数而言,2009年,白洋淀底栖动物群落Margalef丰富度指数D值（0.84）和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H''值（1.13）均在中度干扰区最高,而Pielou均匀度指数J值（0.53）在轻度干扰区最高,这些指数均与沉积物总氮（TNs）呈显著负相关;2018年,D值（2.02）和H''值（2.21）在轻度干扰区中最高,而J值（0.84）在重度干扰区中最高,D值和H''值与水深（Water depth,WD）呈正相关关系,而与硝酸盐（NO₃^-）和总磷（TP）等呈负相关关系;4RDA分析结果表明,白洋淀底栖动物群落组成的主要环境影响因子在2009年为WD和pH,而在2018年为沉积物中总磷（TPs）.2009-2018年,白洋淀底栖动物群落（主要影响因子从WD和pH变为沉积物总磷）和多样性指数（主要影响因子从TNs变为WD、TN、TP、NO₃^-、TNs等）的主要环境影响因子发生了显著变化.因此,针对主要环境影响因子的时间变化,在不同时期底栖动物群落的恢复需采取不同措施,本研究结果可为白洋淀生态修复提供理论和数据基础.