基于AQUATOX模型的集装箱养殖尾水净化塘生态系统模拟及调控预测

为解决传统养殖中养殖尾水的环境污染问题,促进池塘养殖可持续发展,基于新建的集装箱式循环水养殖系统,构建了三级养殖尾水净化塘水生态系统模型,对池塘水质、浮游植物及水生动物生物量以及池塘生态系统的演变进行了为期6个月的模拟预测,并设置添加沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类2种情景模拟。结果表明：水质模拟值的变化趋势与实测值基本一致,模拟值与实测值的平均相对误差为4.98% ~ 23.37%;模拟预测的设定条件下和模拟时段中,池塘生态系统的结构趋于稳定,形成以绿藻为主的藻类群落、以摇蚊和桡足类为主的水生动物群落;在尾水净化塘中,添加沉水植物对氮磷去除效果不明显,但对增加水体中溶解氧质量浓度作用明显,3个池塘溶解氧变化率最大值分别为23.11%、45.39%和77.90%;添加低密度滤食性鱼类有助于浮游植物的生长,3个池塘硅藻生物量的最大增幅为89.80%、47.22%和22.06%,绿藻生物量的最大增幅为76.95%、54.05%和23.29%,蓝藻生物量的最大增幅为45.99%、33.37%和20.30%。综上所述,基于AQUATOX构建串联的尾水净化塘水生态系统模型并模拟培植沉水植物和添加低密度滤食性鱼类的生物处理方法,不仅能够为管理者调整喂养结构提供借鉴与帮助,也可用于调控水生态系统组分,有利于水生态系统功能的恢复和平衡。本研究结果可为管理集装箱式循环水养殖模式的喂养结构、构建尾水净化塘生态系统、改进其他利用生物处理技术处理养殖尾水的养殖模式提供参考。     

原位铁氧化物载铁活性炭的制备及其对水中As(Ⅲ)的去除性能

针对水中三价砷As(Ⅲ)毒害大、难去除的问题,本研究采用FeSO4/K2FeO4组合处理方式以恒温浸润法对活性炭进行改性,制备获得原位铁氧化物载铁活性炭(AFPAC),利用负载的铁氧化物的吸附性能,耦合活性炭的吸附和有效的固液分离功能,实现了As(Ⅲ)的高效去除.结果表明,当AFPAC投加量1g·L-1时,对初始质量浓...     

Concentrations,spatial distribution,and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surficial sediments from upstream of Yellow River,China

Surface sediments were collected from 122 sites in the upstream of the Yellow River, China. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd in sediments was investigated to explore the spatial distribution based on statistics and interpolation method. The results suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals were lower than potential effect levels (PEL). The samples above threshold effect level (TEL) for Pb and Zn were less than 10%, while almost 50% of samples for Ni exceeded PEL. Pb and Zn in sediments performed little or no adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems. Higher concentrations of all heavy metals occurred in Qinghai and Gansu sections; the concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn were significantly higher than the Inner Mongolia section. Lower concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn appeared in Qinghai section; the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Pb manifested relatively steady and similar distributions and approximately decreasing tendency along the upstream of Yellow River.

     

Uptake and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cultivated plants around an E-waste disposal site in Southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, soil, and cultivated plants at e-waste disposal sites in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were determined...     

Correction to: Preparation of GO/MIL-101(Fe,cu) composite and its adsorption mechanisms for phosphate in aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15526-6     

Genotoxicity of two novel pesticides for the earthworm, Eisenia fetida

In this paper, several studies were conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity of two pesticides, Imidacloprid and RH-5849, for earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Earthworms were exposed in different exposure systems to evaluate their acute toxicity and the genotoxicity of the two pesticides was evaluated by using the method of sperm deformity assessment, micronucleus test of root tip cells in Vicia faba, a mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test, and comet assay. LC(50) (interpolated concentration at which 50% mortality of test population occurs) for earthworms varied in different exposure systems. The results indicated that Imidacloprid was consistently more toxic than RH-5849 in all exposure systems. In this study, sperm deformity test was used to detect the potential adverse influences of pesticides on the reproduction of earthworms. The results demonstrated that significant induction of sperm deformity (p<0.01) and a dose-effect relationship displayed at Imidacloprid concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/kg dry soil. However, the sperm deformity frequency of groups exposed to RH-5849 did not show significant difference (p>0.05) from the control until the dose reached 100 mg/kg dry soil. The results of the V. faba micronucleus tests showed that micronuclei frequency of the exposed group did not show significant difference (p>0.05) from the control until the concentration of Imidacloprid and RH-5849 reached 100 mg/ml. The results of the mouse bone-marrow micronuclei test also indicate that two pesticides did not show significant effects (p>0.05) on the micronuclei frequency in mice bone-marrow cells until the dose reached 100 mg/kg for Imidacloprid and 300 mg/kg for RH-5849 (2/3 LD(50)). Although no genotoxicity was detected by using the micronucleus tests, the results of the comet assay showed that the two pesticides induce significant DNA damage (p<0.01) in earthworms and dose-effect relationships were displayed. The 'earthworm comet assay' is a rapid and sensitive way to screen chemicals or terrestrial environments for their DNA-damaging properties.     

农药残留速测技术研究进展

本文综述了国内外农药快速检测技术的研究状况。在速测技术中 ,色 -质联用分析法已发展得比较成熟 ,所得结果比较可靠 ,但该法的测定时间仍较长 ;免疫分析法具有简单、快速、价廉、特异性高、需样品量少等优点 ;生物传感器法更方便、快捷。     

膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题

本文主要论述了一体式膜生物反应器的膜污染问题 ,包括膜污染的数学模型、膜污染种类以及防止膜污染的设计与操作、膜清洗等。     

“无废城市”建设期间工业固体废物管理体系构建

我国工业固体废物产生量大、种类繁多、风险具有隐蔽性,亟需构建规范化管理体系。“无废城市”建设可充分调动社会资源,统筹推动工业固体废物全过程管理工作,在此期间构建我国工业固体废物管理体系具有重要意义。从我国工业固体废物产生与管理现状出发,剖析工业固体废物管理存在的短板,针对性地提出我国工业固体废物管理体系构建原则、方法和主要内容,以期为提升工业固体废物管理工作提供参考。     

The improved activity of Co3O4 nanorods using silver in the catalytic oxidation of toluene

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Co3O4 nanorods with diameters of ~0.15 μm and lengths of ~1 μm were prepared using a hydrothermal method via the assembly of microcrystals...